Carbohydrate Viscosity

ID Name Concentration (% w/w) Temperature (C) Viscosity (mPa.s) Instrument
326 fructose 20 10 2.66 Rheotest 2.1 rheometer
327 fructose 30 10 4.32 Rheotest 2.1 rheometer
328 fructose 40 10 8.62 Rheotest 2.1 rheometer
329 fructose 50 10 – Rheotest 2.1 rheometer
330 fructose 60 10 – Rheotest 2.1 rheometer
331 fructose 10 15 1.39 Rheotest 2.1 rheometer
332 fructose 20 15 2.24 Rheotest 2.1 rheometer
333 fructose 30 15 3.53 Rheotest 2.1 rheometer
334 fructose 40 15 6.50 Rheotest 2.1 rheometer
335 fructose 50 15 – Rheotest 2.1 rheometer
336 fructose 60 15 – Rheotest 2.1 rheometer
337 fructose 10 20 1.24 Rheotest 2.1 rheometer
338 fructose 20 20 1.95 Rheotest 2.1 rheometer
339 fructose 30 20 3.01 Rheotest 2.1 rheometer
340 fructose 40 20 5.40 Rheotest 2.1 rheometer
341 fructose 50 20 – Rheotest 2.1 rheometer
342 fructose 60 20 – Rheotest 2.1 rheometer
343 fructose 10 25 1.07 Rheotest 2.1 rheometer
344 fructose 20 25 1.68 Rheotest 2.1 rheometer
345 fructose 30 25 2.48 Rheotest 2.1 rheometer
346 fructose 40 25 4.48 Rheotest 2.1 rheometer
347 fructose 50 25 8.75 Rheotest 2.1 rheometer
348 fructose 60 25 – Rheotest 2.1 rheometer
349 fructose 10 35 0.98 Rheotest 2.1 rheometer
350 fructose 20 35 1.34 Rheotest 2.1 rheometer


* The data is collected from "Viscosity of Aqueous Carbohydrate Solutions at Different Temperatures and Concentrations".


References

1. Telis V. R. N. Telis-Romero J. Mazzotti H. B. & Gabas A. L. (2007). Viscosity of Aqueous Carbohydrate Solutions at Different Temperatures and Concentrations. International Journal of Food Properties 10(1) 185–195. https://doi.org/10.1080/10942910600673636


Table 1: Density (ρ), Apparent Molal Volume of Solute (φV), Absolute Viscosity (η), and Relative Viscosity (ηr) of Carbohydrates in Water and (Urea + Water) Solutions at T = 308.15 K.

System m (mol/kg) ρ (kg/m³) φV (10⁶ m³/mol) η (10³ N·s/m²) ηr
Glucose + Water 0.0000 0.9940 - 0.719 1.000
0.5031 1.0261 113.08 ± 0.21 0.911 1.267
0.8113 1.0441 113.05 ± 0.13 1.037 1.442
1.0116 1.0551 113.24 ± 0.10 1.134 1.577
1.3130 1.0712 113.00 ± 0.08 1.278 1.778
1.7115 1.0900 113.53 ± 0.06 1.442 2.005
2.0184 1.1042 113.41 ± 0.06 1.711 2.379
3.0464 1.1445 114.00 ± 0.04 2.579 3.587
3.4868 1.1587 114.50 ± 0.03 3.084 4.289
Fructose + Water 0.0000 0.9940 - 0.719 1.000
0.4062 1.0206 111.97 ± 0.25 0.863 1.200
0.6071 1.0329 111.99 ± 0.17 0.928 1.291
0.8084 1.0446 112.20 ± 0.13 1.010 1.405
1.2073 1.0666 112.24 ± 0.09 1.189 1.654
1.4124 1.0772 112.29 ± 0.08 1.305 1.815
1.6113 1.0866 112.60 ± 0.07 1.394 1.939
2.3255 1.1190 112.69 ± 0.05 1.833 2.550
2.5243 1.1275 112.61 ± 0.05 1.998 2.779
2.9823 1.1452 112.79 ± 0.04 2.372 3.299
Sucrose + Water 0.0000 0.9940 - 0.719 1.000
0.1009 1.0069 213.01 ± 1.01 0.712 0.990
0.2018 1.0190 213.65 ± 0.51 0.777 1.081
0.4033 1.0419 213.89 ± 0.26 0.915 1.273
0.8044 1.0828 213.59 ± 0.14 1.291 1.795
1.0063 1.1011 213.64 ± 0.11 1.535 2.135
1.5930 1.1482 213.30 ± 0.07 2.588 3.600
2.0370 1.1756 214.91 ± 0.06 3.655 5.083
3.0246 1.2289 214.96 ± 0.04 6.396 8.896
Lactose + Water 0.0000 0.9940 - 0.719 1.000
0.1004 1.0068 212.22 ± 1.02 0.784 1.091
0.2052 1.0198 211.51 ± 0.50 0.864 1.202
0.3032 1.0313 211.66 ± 0.34 0.934 1.299
0.3529 1.0371 211.32 ± 0.30 0.966 1.343
0.4036 1.0428 211.32 ± 0.26 1.012 1.408
0.4532 1.0479 212.16 ± 0.23 1.063 1.478
0.6061 1.0640 212.17 ± 0.18 - -

Table 2: Density (ρ), Apparent Molal Volume of Solute (φV), Absolute Viscosity (η), and Relative Viscosity (ηr) of Carbohydrates in Water and (Urea + Water) Solutions at T = 318.15 K.

System m (mol/kg) ρ (kg/m³) φV (10⁶ m³/mol) η (10³ N·s/m²) ηr
Glucose + Water 0.0000 0.9902 - 0.597 1.000
0.5031 1.0224 113.11 ± 0.21 0.756 1.267
0.8113 1.0403 113.25 ± 0.13 0.861 1.442
1.0116 1.0513 113.38 ± 0.11 0.941 1.577
1.3130 1.0669 113.57 ± 0.08 1.061 1.778
1.7115 1.0860 113.82 ± 0.06 1.197 2.005
2.0184 1.0998 113.98 ± 0.06 1.420 2.379
3.0464 1.1404 114.32 ± 0.04 2.141 3.587
3.4868 1.1554 114.53 ± 0.03 2.561 4.289
Fructose + Water 0.0000 0.9902 - 0.597 1.000
0.4057 1.0167 112.34 ± 0.26 0.696 1.166
0.6081 1.0289 112.69 ± 0.17 0.758 1.270
1.2165 1.0625 113.10 ± 0.09 0.946 1.585
1.4080 1.0714 113.80 ± 0.08 1.021 1.710
2.2998 1.1130 113.45 ± 0.05 1.469 2.461
3.5322 1.1585 113.98 ± 0.03 2.055 3.442
Sucrose + Water 0.0000 0.9902 - 0.597 1.000
0.4037 1.0384 213.62 ± 0.26 0.771 1.292
0.6046 1.0591 214.51 ± 0.18 0.900 1.508
0.8065 1.0791 214.00 ± 0.14 0.984 1.648
1.0088 1.0972 214.37 ± 0.11 1.164 1.950
1.2072 1.1135 214.77 ± 0.09 1.431 2.397
2.0145 1.1706 215.17 ± 0.06 2.618 4.386
Lactose + Water 0.0000 0.9902 - 0.597 1.000
0.1002 1.0027 215.41 ± 1.03 0.601 1.007
0.1519 1.0087 217.20 ± 0.68 0.621 1.041
0.2013 1.0143 218.11 ± 0.52 0.642 1.076
0.2521 1.0206 216.31 ± 0.41 0.670 1.122
0.3518 1.0311 218.19 ± 0.30 0.725 1.214
0.4053 1.0367 218.54 ± 0.26 0.757 1.268
0.6026 1.0567 218.46 ± 0.18 0.885 1.483
Glucose + 1.0m Aqueous Urea Solution 0.0000 1.0050 - 0.533 1.000
0.8901 1.0577 114.53 ± 0.12 0.774 1.452
1.0230 1.0648 114.56 ± 0.10 0.818 1.534
1.2798 1.0777 114.72 ± 0.08 0.916 1.718
2.2752 1.1220 114.95 ± 0.05 1.415 2.654
2.9544 1.1485 114.78 ± 0.04 1.763 3.309
Fructose + 1.0m Aqueous Urea Solution 0.0000 1.0050 - 0.533 1.000
0.4070 1.0309 113.34 ± 0.25 0.625 1.172
0.6118 1.0429 113.63 ± 0.17 0.675 1.266
0.8123 1.0543 113.60 ± 0.13 0.735 1.378
1.2149 1.0763 113.10 ± 0.09 0.862 1.617
1.4075 1.0852 113.70 ± 0.08 0.925 1.735
1.6182 1.0953 113.75 ± 0.07 1.004 1.884
2.3212 1.1257 114.08 ± 0.05 1.323 2.482
2.5389 1.1342 114.18 ± 0.04 1.474 2.765

Table 3: Apparent Molal Volume of Solutes at Infinite Dilution (φV0), Values of Slope (SV), and the Limiting Apparent Molal Expansivity (φE0) for Different Carbohydrates in Aqueous and 1.0 m Aqueous Urea Solution.

System φV0 (10⁶ m³/mol) T = 308.15 K SV (10⁶ m³/kg·mol) T = 308.15 K φV0 (10⁶ m³/mol) T = 318.15 K SV (10⁶ m³/kg·mol) T = 318.15 K φE0 (10⁶ m³/mol·K)
Glucose + Water 112.7 0.292 112.9 0.475 0.02
Fructose + Water 111.8 0.321 112.5 0.461 0.07
Sucrose + Water 213.2 0.548 213.5 0.840 0.03
Lactose + Water 211.6 0.291 215.9 4.979 0.43
Glucose + 1.0 m Aqueous Urea Solution 113.8 0.289 114.4 0.148 0.06
Fructose + 1.0 m Aqueous Urea Solution 112.9 0.123 113.1 0.355 0.02
Sucrose + 1.0 m Aqueous Urea Solution 215.0 0.772 215.7 0.289 0.07
Lactose + 1.0 m Aqueous Urea Solution 220.8 -2.068 219.6 0.777 -0.12

Table 4: Volume of Transfer (ΔtransV2 0) of Different Carbohydrates from an Aqueous Binary Mixture to 1.0 m Aqueous Urea Solution at Different Temperatures.

Compound ΔtransV2 0 (10⁶ m³/mol) T = 308.15 K ΔtransV2 0 (10⁶ m³/mol) T = 318.15 K
Glucose 1.1 1.5
Fructose 1.1 0.6
Sucrose 1.8 2.2
Lactose 9.2 3.7

Table 5: Viscosity B- and D-Coefficients of Different Carbohydrates in Aqueous and 1 m Aqueous Urea Solution at Different Temperatures.

System B (L/mol) T = 308.15 K D (L²/mol²) T = 308.15 K AAD T = 308.15 K σ T = 308.15 K B (L/mol) T = 318.15 K D (L²/mol²) T = 318.15 K AAD T = 318.15 K σ T = 318.15 K dB/dT (L/mol·K)
Glucose + Water 0.141 0.498 -0.0099 0.0793 0.143 0.500 -0.0133 0.0831 0.0002
Fructose + Water 0.267 0.356 -0.0118 0.0428 0.278 0.285 -0.0011 0.0227 0.0011
Sucrose + Water -0.969 2.995 0.0241 0.1599 -0.278 1.997 -0.0075 0.0981 0.0691
Lactose + Water 1.026 -0.529 0.0417 0.0800 0.138 1.368 0.0073 0.0241 -0.0888
Glucose + 1 m Aqueous Urea Solution 0.188 0.433 -0.0050 0.0280 0.255 0.356 0.0013 0.0094 0.0067
Fructose + 1 m Aqueous Urea Solution 0.214 0.393 -0.0133 0.0625 0.231 0.340 -0.0087 0.0353 0.0017

References

Dhondge, S. S., Pandhurnekar, C. P., Garade, S., & Dadure, K. (2011). Volumetric and Transport Behavior of Different Carbohydrates in Aqueous and Aqueous Urea Mixtures at Different Temperatures. Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 56(8), 3484–3491. https://doi.org/10.1021/je2000099