Properties of the anticoagulant glycosaminoglycan heparin, low-molecular-weight heparins, the synthetic pentasaccharide, and cell-surface heparan sulfate — molecular weight, anticoagulant potency, sulfation, protein binding and composition.
⚗︎ Harvested & verified via the GlycoDataDigest (GDD) pipelineMedian [min–max] (n) in each property's natural unit. Click a property above to filter the table; click any column header to sort.
| GAG type | Mw (kDa) | anti-Xa (IU/mg) | anti-IIa (IU/mg) | Xa:IIa (ratio) | Sulf (/disacc) | S% (%) | Charge (/disacc) | Kd (µM) | Disacc % (%) | DP (DP) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| heparin (UFH) | 16.5 [12.0–20.1] n=6 | 180.0 [111.0–200.0] n=7 | 149.0 [107.0–220.0] n=6 | 1.0 n=1 | 2.7 [2.5–3.0] n=6 | 11.5 [9.6–13.5] n=3 | 2.9 [2.3–3.7] n=4 | 0.1 [0.0–20.0] n=21 | 53.5 [0.8–85.0] n=11 | 15000.0 [14618.0–17000.0] n=3 |
| LMWH | 4.6 [3.6–6.5] n=10 | 100.0 [100.0–112.5] n=3 | 192.5 [155.0–230.0] n=2 | 3.2 [1.7–8.0] n=11 | 2.0 [1.8–2.1] n=3 | — | — | 0.1 n=1 | 73.1 [15.2–76.8] n=3 | 3190.0 n=1 |
| heparan sulfate | 55.0 [3.4–204.0] n=7 | — | — | — | 1.0 [0.0–2.0] n=7 | — | 0.9 [0.8–0.9] n=4 | 0.0 n=3 | 26.0 [0.5–70.7] n=13 | 30000.0 n=1 |
| heparin oligosaccharide | 3.6 [1.7–5.4] n=2 | — | — | — | 2.0 [1.4–2.6] n=2 | — | — | 0.7 [0.0–34.0] n=8 | — | — |
| synthetic | 1.7 n=2 | 700.0 n=3 | 0.0 n=2 | — | — | — | — | 0.0 [0.0–3.5] n=7 | — | — |
| heparinoid (other) | 4.4 n=1 | — | — | — | 1.9 [1.0–4.0] n=8 | 13.6 n=1 | 2.4 [2.1–2.7] n=2 | — | — | — |
| # | Molecule / species | GAG type | Property | Value | Method | Conditions | Ref (DOI) | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fondaparinux | synthetic | anti-IIa activity | 0IU/mg | Review |
synthetic pentasaccharide; selectively inhibits factor Xa only, no anti-IIa (thrombin) activitysynthetic pentasaccharide; selectively inhibits factor Xa only, no anti-IIa (thrombin) activity | mechanism: too short to bridge antithrombin and thrombin
|
10.3390/ph16040584 medium |
View"Conversely, inhibition of FXa requires only the binding of the pentasaccharide to AT-III, without the requirement for FXa to also bind to heparin. LMW heparins therefore have greater anti-Xa activity than anti-IIa activity." — Fondaparinux (pentasaccharide) is too short to form the ternary anti-IIa bridge, so anti-IIa = 0; corroborates existing record. [Shute JK, 2023, confidence: medium] |
| 2 | fondaparinux | synthetic | anti-IIa activity | 0IU/mg | Review |
no anti-IIa (anti-thrombin) activity; selective Factor Xa inhibitorno anti-IIa (anti-thrombin) activity; selective Factor Xa inhibitor
|
10.1186/1477-9560-9-5 high |
View"Fondaparinux cannot inhibit thrombin and its anticoagulant activity is entirely dependent on its ability to selectively inhibit Factor Xa" — Qualitative: anti-IIa activity is effectively zero (cannot inhibit thrombin/factor IIa) [Fareed J, Adiguzel C, Thethi I, 2011, confidence: high] |
| 3 | heparin (UFH) - bovine lung | heparin (UFH) | anti-IIa activity | 127IU/mg | Experiment |
antithrombin-dependent anti-IIa (AT:aIIa) potency, mean of ten batches vs 6th International Standard for UFHantithrombin-dependent anti-IIa (AT:aIIa) potency, mean of ten batches vs 6th International Standard for UFH | source species: bovine lung | assay: AT-dependent anti-IIa | n batches: 10
|
10.3390/ph10030059 high |
View"For ten batches of bovine lung heparin, the AT:aXa, AT:aIIa and APTT (130, 127, 121 IU/mg respectively) activities were similar (ANOVA, p > 0.01), but HCII:aIIa (220 IU/mg) activity was significantly higher than all other activities (ANOVA, p < 0.0001)." — AT-dependent anti-IIa for bovine lung heparin. [Hogwood J, Mulloy B, Gray E, 2017, confidence: high] |
| 4 | heparin (UFH) - bovine lung | heparin (UFH) | anti-IIa activity | 220IU/mg | Experiment |
heparin cofactor II-dependent anti-IIa (HCII:aIIa) potency, mean of ten batches vs 6th International Standard for UFHheparin cofactor II-dependent anti-IIa (HCII:aIIa) potency, mean of ten batches vs 6th International Standard for UFH | source species: bovine lung | assay: HC-II-dependent anti-IIa | n batches: 10
|
10.3390/ph10030059 high |
View"but HCII:aIIa (220 IU/mg) activity was significantly higher than all other activities (ANOVA, p < 0.0001)." — Heparin cofactor II-dependent anti-IIa for bovine lung heparin. [Hogwood J, Mulloy B, Gray E, 2017, confidence: high] |
| 5 | heparin (UFH) - bovine mucosal | heparin (UFH) | anti-IIa activity | 133IU/mg | Experiment |
antithrombin-dependent anti-IIa (AT:aIIa) amidolytic assay vs USP heparin reference standardantithrombin-dependent anti-IIa (AT:aIIa) amidolytic assay vs USP heparin reference standard | source species: bovine intestinal mucosa | assay: AT-dependent amidolytic | uncertainty: +/-7.5 SD
|
10.3389/fmed.2018.00360 high |
View"The potencies of bovine heparin were significantly lower at 132.4 +/- 5.0 and 133.0 +/- 7.5, respectively, based on anti-Xa and anti-IIa activity (p = 0.003 for anti-Xa and anti-IIa, Mann-Whitney test)." — Directly-stated anti-IIa specific activity for bovine mucosal heparin API; lower than porcine. [Jeske W, Kouta A, Farooqui A, et al., 2019, confidence: high] |
| 6 | heparin (UFH) - porcine mucosal | heparin (UFH) | anti-IIa activity | 183.4IU/mg | Experiment |
antithrombin-dependent anti-IIa (AT:aIIa) amidolytic assay vs USP heparin reference standardantithrombin-dependent anti-IIa (AT:aIIa) amidolytic assay vs USP heparin reference standard | source species: porcine intestinal mucosa | assay: AT-dependent amidolytic | uncertainty: +/-1.7 SD
|
10.3389/fmed.2018.00360 high |
View"Porcine heparins exhibited mean anti-Xa and anti-IIa potencies of 184.6 +/- 2.8 and 183.4 +/- 1.7 U/mg, respectively." — Directly-stated anti-IIa specific activity for porcine mucosal heparin API. [Jeske W, Kouta A, Farooqui A, et al., 2019, confidence: high] |
| 7 | heparin (UFH) - porcine mucosal | heparin (UFH) | anti-IIa activity | 107IU/mg | Experiment |
antithrombin-dependent anti-IIa (AT:aIIa) potency vs 6th International Standard for UFH, parallel-line bioassayantithrombin-dependent anti-IIa (AT:aIIa) potency vs 6th International Standard for UFH, parallel-line bioassay | source species: porcine intestinal mucosa | assay: AT-dependent anti-IIa | standard: 6th International Standard for UFH
|
10.3390/ph10030059 high |
View"AT:aIIa potencies (107 IU/mg) were lower and the HCII:aIIa activities (165 IU/mg) were higher than AT:aXa and APTT estimates." — AT-dependent anti-IIa potency (porcine heparin); contrasts with the higher HC-II-dependent value below. [Hogwood J, Mulloy B, Gray E, 2017, confidence: high] |
| 8 | heparin (UFH) - porcine mucosal | heparin (UFH) | anti-IIa activity | 165IU/mg | Experiment |
heparin cofactor II-dependent anti-IIa (HCII:aIIa) potency vs 6th International Standard for UFHheparin cofactor II-dependent anti-IIa (HCII:aIIa) potency vs 6th International Standard for UFH | source species: porcine intestinal mucosa | assay: HC-II-dependent anti-IIa | standard: 6th International Standard for UFH
|
10.3390/ph10030059 high |
View"AT:aIIa potencies (107 IU/mg) were lower and the HCII:aIIa activities (165 IU/mg) were higher than AT:aXa and APTT estimates." — Heparin cofactor II-dependent anti-IIa potency (porcine heparin). [Hogwood J, Mulloy B, Gray E, 2017, confidence: high] |
Full names, units and plain-language definitions for the 10 properties on this page. (These notes also appear when you hover a property pill or a table column header.)