Self-Assembly of Carbohydrate-Based Systems
Table: Self-assembly of carbohydrate-based amphiphiles, glycolipids, sugar surfactants and glycopolymers, from experiment and simulation. Each entry records the system, the assembly type (micelle, vesicle, fiber, bilayer, …), the size (Dh, diameter, Rg, length) and the metric the authors studied (e.g. radius of gyration Rg, aggregation number, CMC). Expand Conditions / Comments for details and the supporting quote. Click any column header to sort.
| # | System | Assembly Type | Size | Metric studied | Method | Conditions | Ref (DOI) | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | MEGA-8 and HEGA-8 (N-methylglucamide sugar surfactants) | micelle (small spherical) | Nagg 15 (MEGA8), 18 (HEGA8); Nagg < 20 | aggregation number | Simulation |
DPD coarse-grained, 5 wt% in waterDPD; short-tail / large-head N-methylglucamide surfactants form the smallest aggregates
|
10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c00480 |
ViewMEGA8 and HEGA8 form the smallest aggregates with Nagg less than 20. (confidence: high) |
| 2 | N-heptyl-D-galactonamide | hydrogel nanofibers (3D scaffold) | nanometric fibers; ~97% water entrapment | fiber self-assembly forming highly hydrated hydrogel | Experiment |
water (solvent exchange / thermal gel)alkylgalactonamide molecular hydrogel; soft gel as 3D scaffold for neuronal cells; confocal microscopy
|
10.1021/acsami.8b01365 |
Viewa hydrogel from N-heptyl-galactonamide was a suitable 3D scaffold for neuronal cells, with cells penetrating to ~200 um depth. (confidence: medium) |
| 3 | N-octyl-D-gluconamide | helical micellar rods (fibers) | diameter 4 nm; central gap ~0.8 nm | micellar rod diameter; helical fiber morphology | Experiment |
bulk aqueous mediahelical micellar fibers vs planar bilayers of gulonamide diastereomer; central tunnel by modeling
|
10.1021/ja00167a029 |
ViewN-octylgluconamide forms helical micellar rods 4 nm in diameter with a central gap ~0.8 nm (a tunnel). (confidence: medium) |
| 4 | PHEMA-b-PGEMA / PEMA-b-PGEMA block glycopolymers (glucosyloxy) | micelle | hydrodynamic diameter ~9-21 nm | Dh = 9-21 nm (DLS) | Experiment |
aqueous solutionmicelles by fluorescence, UV-vis, DLS; RAFT-synthesized block glycopolymers
|
10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01713 |
ViewBoth block glycopolymers self-assembled into micelles ~9 to 21 nm hydrodynamic diameter by DLS. (confidence: high) |
| 5 | acidic sophorolipid (Candida bombicola) | micelle / rod / netlike tubular aggregates | cross-section radius <25 A; tubular aggregates >100 nm | pH/ionization-dependent morphology; cross-section radius vs ionization | Experiment |
water, pH-dependent (carboxyl ionization)three regimes by SANS, cryo-TEM, NMR; sphere-to-rod with concentration; netlike tubular aggregates at full ionization
|
10.1021/nn204911k |
ViewIn the first two pH regimes the cross-section radius of the micelles is below 25 A; at complete ionization micelles favor large netlike tubular aggregates above 100 nm. (confidence: high) |