{"count":32,"next":"http://glycodata.org/api/gdd/self-assembly/?format=json&page=2","previous":null,"results":[{"id":1,"system":"octyl beta-D-glucopyranoside","assembly_type":"micelle","size":"hydrodynamic radius 23 A; Mr 22,000","metric":"Nagg = 75 (direct methods); 27 (chromatographic)","method":"Experiment","conditions":"aqueous, 34 mM","conditions_detail":"micelle size by HPSEC, DLS and ultracentrifugation; aggregation numbers 27-100 across methods","doi":"10.1016/0005-2736(90)90421-j","comments":"Direct physical methods indicated a large size for the micelles (hydrodynamic radius 23 A; Mr 22,000; aggregation number 75 for a 34 mM aqueous solution). (confidence: high)"},{"id":2,"system":"octyl glucoside / egg phosphatidylcholine mixture","assembly_type":"vesicle-to-micelle transition","size":"vesicle size decreased from 160 nm to <66 nm","metric":"vesicle diameter; structural transition with added OG","method":"Experiment","conditions":"aqueous, vitrified hydrated state (cryo-TEM)","conditions_detail":"vesicle-micelle transition by cryo-TEM; open vesicles coexisting with lamellae and cylindrical micelles, then spheroidal micelles","doi":"10.1016/S0006-3495(89)82714-6","comments":"the average vesicle size decreased from 160 nm to less than 66 nm with no apparent change in optical density. (confidence: high)"},{"id":3,"system":"acidic sophorolipid (Candida bombicola)","assembly_type":"micelle / rod / netlike tubular aggregates","size":"cross-section radius <25 A; tubular aggregates >100 nm","metric":"pH/ionization-dependent morphology; cross-section radius vs ionization","method":"Experiment","conditions":"water, pH-dependent (carboxyl ionization)","conditions_detail":"three regimes by SANS, cryo-TEM, NMR; sphere-to-rod with concentration; netlike tubular aggregates at full ionization","doi":"10.1021/nn204911k","comments":"In the first two pH regimes the cross-section radius of the micelles is below 25 A; at complete ionization micelles favor large netlike tubular aggregates above 100 nm. (confidence: high)"},{"id":4,"system":"sophorolipid bolaamphiphile (non-charged, pH<5)","assembly_type":"micelle (prolate ellipsoid, coffee-bean core-shell)","size":"shell thickness ~12 A at cross-section, ~0 axial","metric":"prolate ellipsoid core-shell morphology (SAXS/SANS/MD)","method":"Experiment","conditions":"aqueous, pH<5","conditions_detail":"SAXS gives prolate ellipsoids; contrast-matching SANS shows hydrophobic core region","doi":"10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b05374","comments":"the shell thickness is practically zero in the axial direction but ~12 A at its cross-section, forming a coffee-bean-like shape. (confidence: high)"},{"id":5,"system":"bola sophoroside glycolipid","assembly_type":"twisted nanofibers (hydrogel) coexisting with micelles","size":"twisted nanofibers (thermodynamic phase below 14 C)","metric":"sol-to-gel transition; nanofiber/micelle coexistence vs temperature","method":"Experiment","conditions":"aqueous, temperature-dependent","conditions_detail":"oscillatory rheology, SAXS, cryo-TEM, rheo-SAXS; reversible sol-to-gel transition","doi":"10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c00580","comments":"Below 14 C twisted nanofibers are the thermodynamic phase; between 14 and ~33 C nanofibers coexist with micelles and a reversible hydrogel forms. (confidence: high)"},{"id":6,"system":"di-rhamnolipid RhaRhaC10C10","assembly_type":"micelle (prolate ellipsoid)","size":"equatorial core radius ~8 A; shell ~12 A","metric":"Nagg 10-15; core radius 8 A","method":"Experiment","conditions":"water, pH 6.05 and 7.5","conditions_detail":"SAXS modelling + cryo-TEM; prolate ellipsoid micelles; area per RL 130-170 A^2","doi":"10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00336","comments":"In RhaRhaC10C10 at pH 6.05 and 7.5, micelles have core radius ~8 A and aggregation number between 10 and 15. (confidence: high)"},{"id":7,"system":"mono-rhamnolipid RhaC10C10","assembly_type":"micelle-to-vesicle transition","size":"vesicle diameter >=100 nm; micelle core radius 8.0 A","metric":"micelle-to-vesicle transition at pH 6.5; Nagg 11-15","method":"Experiment","conditions":"water, basic-to-acidic pH (transition at pH 6.5)","conditions_detail":"SAXS + cryo-TEM; micelle core radius 8.0 A, shell 8-11 A, Nagg 11-15; vesicle membrane few nm","doi":"10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00336","comments":"RhaC10C10 undergoes a micelle-to-vesicle transition at pH 6.5; vesicles have a diameter of at least 100 nm with membrane thickness of a few nm. (confidence: high)"},{"id":8,"system":"mannosylerythritol lipid A (MEL-A)","assembly_type":"sponge (L3), bicontinuous cubic (V2), lamella (Lalpha)","size":"lamellar lattice constant 3.58 nm","metric":"L3 phase over 20-65 C; lamellar d = 3.58 nm","method":"Experiment","conditions":"aqueous lyotropic phases","conditions_detail":"SAXS, DSC, POM; broad temperature stability of sponge phase","doi":"10.1021/la0620814","comments":"MEL-A self-assembles into sponge (L3), bicontinuous cubic (V2) and lamella (Lalpha) phases; estimated Lalpha lattice constant 3.58 nm. (confidence: high)"},{"id":9,"system":"mannosylerythritol lipid B (MEL-B)","assembly_type":"lamellar (Lalpha) phase and large vesicles","size":"vesicles 1-5 um; interlayer spacing 4.7 nm (low conc), 3.1 nm (high conc)","metric":"d-spacing 4.7-3.1 nm; trapped volume ~0.42 uL/umol","method":"Experiment","conditions":"aqueous, wide concentration/temperature range","conditions_detail":"SAXS for interlayer spacing, CLSM for vesicles, DSC for thermal stability","doi":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2008.03.009","comments":"MEL-B self-assembles into a lamellar (Lalpha) phase over wide ranges; interlayer spacing ~4.7 nm; relatively large vesicles (1-5 um) at low concentration. (confidence: high)"},{"id":10,"system":"dodecyl-beta-D-maltoside (DDM, beta-C12G2)","assembly_type":"micelle (large oblate aggregate)","size":"oblate ellipsoid micelle","metric":"Nagg = 132 (SAXS/SANS)","method":"Experiment","conditions":"water, 297 K, 20-100 mM","conditions_detail":"aggregation number from SAXS/SANS fitting of monodisperse micelles; beta-anomer forms large oblate aggregates","doi":"10.1021/la970370o","comments":"the alpha-anomer forms small quasi-spherical micelles, the beta-anomer large oblate aggregates; Nagg = 132 for beta-C12G2 (Dupuy et al.). (confidence: medium)"},{"id":11,"system":"N-octyl-D-gluconamide","assembly_type":"helical micellar rods (fibers)","size":"diameter 4 nm; central gap ~0.8 nm","metric":"micellar rod diameter; helical fiber morphology","method":"Experiment","conditions":"bulk aqueous media","conditions_detail":"helical micellar fibers vs planar bilayers of gulonamide diastereomer; central tunnel by modeling","doi":"10.1021/ja00167a029","comments":"N-octylgluconamide forms helical micellar rods 4 nm in diameter with a central gap ~0.8 nm (a tunnel). (confidence: medium)"},{"id":12,"system":"beta-S-GlcNAc-tartaric acid amphiphile 1","assembly_type":"hydrogel fibrillar network (solid fibers)","size":"fibers 33-45 nm wide (SEM); diameter 24-31 nm (TEM)","metric":"fiber width/diameter; cross-linked fibrillar network","method":"Experiment","conditions":"hydrogel (water)","conditions_detail":"low-molecular-weight gelator; SEM, TEM, rheology, circular dichroism","doi":"10.3390/gels10010005","comments":"the hydrogel of amphiphile 1 gave a cross-linked fibrillar network; SEM fibers 33-45 nm wide; TEM solid fibers 24-31 nm diameter. (confidence: high)"},{"id":13,"system":"beta-S-GlcNAc-tartaric acid amphiphile 2","assembly_type":"organogel tubular fibers (DMSO)","size":"tubular fibers external diameter 29-32 nm, internal 11-12 nm","metric":"fiber width (SEM); tubular external/internal diameters (TEM)","method":"Experiment","conditions":"DMSO organogel","conditions_detail":"compact cross-linked network of fibers; SEM and TEM","doi":"10.3390/gels10010005","comments":"the DMSO gel of amphiphile 2 showed tubular fibers with external diameter 29-32 nm and internal diameter 11-12 nm. (confidence: high)"},{"id":14,"system":"N-heptyl-D-galactonamide","assembly_type":"hydrogel nanofibers (3D scaffold)","size":"nanometric fibers; ~97% water entrapment","metric":"fiber self-assembly forming highly hydrated hydrogel","method":"Experiment","conditions":"water (solvent exchange / thermal gel)","conditions_detail":"alkylgalactonamide molecular hydrogel; soft gel as 3D scaffold for neuronal cells; confocal microscopy","doi":"10.1021/acsami.8b01365","comments":"a hydrogel from N-heptyl-galactonamide was a suitable 3D scaffold for neuronal cells, with cells penetrating to ~200 um depth. (confidence: medium)"},{"id":15,"system":"glucose/galactose glycopyranoside glycolipids (C2-coupled)","assembly_type":"unilamellar (glucose) / multilamellar (galactose) lamellae","size":"layer spacing 41.2 A (GALPA-C2), 37.6 A (GALMY-C2)","metric":"lamellar layer spacing; unilamellar vs multilamellar","method":"Experiment","conditions":"aqueous with 10% methanol","conditions_detail":"cryo-TEM and SAXS; CD and FTIR for chiral ordering; MD for H-bonding","doi":"10.1021/acs.langmuir.5c02346","comments":"lamellar structures form, unilamellar for glucose-based glycolipids but multilamellar for galactose analogues; GALPA-C2 layer spacing 41.2 A. (confidence: high)"},{"id":16,"system":"ionic glycolipid GC/RC homologues (C14, RC10)","assembly_type":"ellipsoidal micelle (L1), hexagonal (H1), bicontinuous cubic (Ia3d)","size":"hexagonal lattice 3.59 nm (55 wt%) to 3.11 nm (80 wt%)","metric":"lyotropic phase sequence; hexagonal lattice vs concentration","method":"Experiment","conditions":"aqueous lyotropic, concentration-dependent","conditions_detail":"SAXS/WAXS at CoSAXS (MAX IV); micelle size/Nagg set by alkyl chain length","doi":"10.1021/acsomega.5c08922","comments":"in the L1 regime ellipsoidal micelles form; RC10 forms a hexagonal (H1) mesophase from 55-80 wt% with lattice 3.59 to 3.11 nm. (confidence: high)"},{"id":17,"system":"PHEMA-b-PGEMA / PEMA-b-PGEMA block glycopolymers (glucosyloxy)","assembly_type":"micelle","size":"hydrodynamic diameter ~9-21 nm","metric":"Dh = 9-21 nm (DLS)","method":"Experiment","conditions":"aqueous solution","conditions_detail":"micelles by fluorescence, UV-vis, DLS; RAFT-synthesized block glycopolymers","doi":"10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01713","comments":"Both block glycopolymers self-assembled into micelles ~9 to 21 nm hydrodynamic diameter by DLS. (confidence: high)"},{"id":18,"system":"mannose gold glyconanoparticles + Concanavalin A","assembly_type":"lectin-mediated supramolecular assembly","size":"hydrodynamic radius increases from 5.3 nm to 43.5 nm on ConA","metric":"Rh increase upon lectin binding (DLS)","method":"Experiment","conditions":"aqueous, lectin (ConA) addition","conditions_detail":"glycan-gold nanoparticles as multivalent lectin probes; assembly by DLS","doi":"10.1021/jacs.0c06793","comments":"Addition of Con A rapidly increased the average hydrodynamic radius from 5.3 nm to 43.5 nm. (confidence: medium)"},{"id":19,"system":"beta-cyclodextrin / naphthylammonium / AOT complex","assembly_type":"vesicle","size":"vesicles (diameter not stated)","metric":"vesicle formation via inclusion equilibria","method":"Experiment","conditions":"aqueous, noncovalent self-assembly","conditions_detail":"vesicles by TEM and DLS; mechanism via ICD, UV-vis, POM, 1H NMR","doi":"10.1002/chem.200700729","comments":"self-assembly vesicles have been made from a cyclodextrin supramolecular complex, characterized by TEM and DLS. (confidence: medium)"},{"id":20,"system":"alpha-dodecyl maltoside (alpha-C12G2)","assembly_type":"micelle","size":"Rg = 20.0-20.5 A; Nagg = 75","metric":"radius of gyration, aggregation number, semi-axis ratio","method":"Simulation","conditions":"atomistic MD, 297 K, water","conditions_detail":"Atomistic MD; CHARMM-K/CHARMM-Opt/GLYCAM06; preassembled micelle of 75 monomers (Nagg from SAXS/SANS, Dupuy et al.); semi-axis ratio ~1.20","doi":"10.1021/jp109545v","comments":"average Rg of the alpha-C12G2 micelles: 20.5 A (CHARMM-K), 20.2 A (CHARMM-Opt) and 20.0 A (GLYCAM06). (confidence: high)"}]}