{"count":839,"next":"http://glycodata.org/api/gdd/glyco-properties/?format=json&page=37","previous":"http://glycodata.org/api/gdd/glyco-properties/?format=json&page=35","results":[{"id":701,"dataset":"heparin","entity":"heparan sulfate (human lung, donor f92)","entity_group":"","entity_class":"heparan sulfate","property":"disaccharide composition","property_key":"disaccharide_composition","value":"33.1","unit":"%","value_reported":"33.1","unit_reported":"%","method":"Experiment","method_detail":"Upper bound of TriS (UA2S-GlcNS6S) mol% across HS fractions from a 92-year-old female human lung; reported range 25.2-33.1%. Value = stated upper bound; range in conditions/notes","conditions":"Upper bound of TriS (UA2S-GlcNS6S) mol% across HS fractions from a 92-year-old female human lung; reported range 25.2-33.1%. Value = stated upper bound; range in conditions/notes","conditions_detail":"Upper bound of TriS (UA2S-GlcNS6S) mol% across HS fractions from a 92-year-old female human lung; reported range 25.2-33.1%. Value = stated upper bound; range in conditions/notes | unit id: TriS (UA2S-GlcNS6S) | source: human lung (female, 92 y) | range pct: 25.2-33.1","doi":"10.3390/molecules26185512","source_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8469465/","year":"2021","confidence":"medium","comments":"\"UA2S-GlcNS6S: 25.2-33.1%\"  — Lower-TriS lung HS phenotype, contrasting donor m70; reported as range, value = upper bound  [Derler, Kitic, Gerlza, Kungl, 2021, confidence: medium]"},{"id":702,"dataset":"heparin","entity":"heparan sulfate (porcine intestinal, abnormal batch HO-01214)","entity_group":"","entity_class":"heparan sulfate","property":"disaccharide composition","property_key":"disaccharide_composition","value":"26","unit":"%","value_reported":"26","unit_reported":"%","method":"Experiment","method_detail":"mol% of free-glucosamine disaccharide UA-GlcN in an anomalous commercial porcine intestinal HS batch (HO-01214), LC-MS","conditions":"mol% of free-glucosamine disaccharide UA-GlcN in an anomalous commercial porcine intestinal HS batch (HO-01214), LC-MS","conditions_detail":"mol% of free-glucosamine disaccharide UA-GlcN in an anomalous commercial porcine intestinal HS batch (HO-01214), LC-MS | unit id: UA-GlcN (free glucosamine, 0S) | source: porcine intestinal HS (Celsus HO-01214)","doi":"10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01662","source_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4948919/","year":"2016","confidence":"medium","comments":"\"mainly in the form of ΔUA-GlcN (26%)\"  — Anomalous batch; illustrates that commercial HS composition varies and can contain unusual free-amine units  [B. Mulloy et al., 2016, confidence: medium]"},{"id":703,"dataset":"heparin","entity":"heparin (general)","entity_group":"","entity_class":"heparin (UFH)","property":"disaccharide composition","property_key":"disaccharide_composition","value":"2.7","unit":"sulfates/disaccharide","value_reported":"2.7","unit_reported":"sulfates/disaccharide","method":"Review","method_detail":"Average number of sulfate groups per disaccharide in heparin (review). Unit is sulfate groups per disaccharide, not mol% - included for the heparin vs HS sulfation contrast","conditions":"Average number of sulfate groups per disaccharide in heparin (review). Unit is sulfate groups per disaccharide, not mol% - included for the heparin vs HS sulfation contrast","conditions_detail":"Average number of sulfate groups per disaccharide in heparin (review). Unit is sulfate groups per disaccharide, not mol% - included for the heparin vs HS sulfation contrast | unit id: average sulfates per disaccharide | source: heparin (general)","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-23056-1_8","source_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3755452/","year":"2012","confidence":"high","comments":"\"The average heparin disaccharide contains ~2.7 sulfate groups\"  — Not a mol% composition; sulfation density metric for heparin-vs-HS contrast  [Zachary Shriver, Ishan Capila, Ganesh Venkataraman, Ram Sasisekharan, 2012, confidence: high]"},{"id":704,"dataset":"heparin","entity":"heparan sulfate (general)","entity_group":"","entity_class":"heparan sulfate","property":"disaccharide composition","property_key":"disaccharide_composition","value":"1.0","unit":"sulfates/disaccharide","value_reported":"1","unit_reported":"sulfates/disaccharide","method":"Review","method_detail":"Average number of sulfate groups per disaccharide in heparan sulfate (review): >=1, vs ~2.7 for heparin. Unit is sulfate groups per disaccharide","conditions":"Average number of sulfate groups per disaccharide in heparan sulfate (review): >=1, vs ~2.7 for heparin. Unit is sulfate groups per disaccharide","conditions_detail":"Average number of sulfate groups per disaccharide in heparan sulfate (review): >=1, vs ~2.7 for heparin. Unit is sulfate groups per disaccharide | unit id: average sulfates per disaccharide | source: heparan sulfate (general) | qualifier: >=1","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-23056-1_8","source_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3755452/","year":"2012","confidence":"high","comments":"\"heparan sulfate contains ≥1 sulfate group per disaccharide\"  — Reported as >=1 (lower-bound); HS is far less sulfated than heparin  [Zachary Shriver, Ishan Capila, Ganesh Venkataraman, Ram Sasisekharan, 2012, confidence: high]"},{"id":705,"dataset":"heparin","entity":"heparin (general)","entity_group":"","entity_class":"heparin (UFH)","property":"degree of polymerization","property_key":"degree_of_polymerization","value":"15000.0","unit":"Da","value_reported":"15000","unit_reported":"Da","method":"Review","method_detail":"Average molecular weight of heparin ~15 kDa (chain-length proxy; not a DP count). Heparan sulfate ~30 kDa (longer chains). Reported in molecular weight, not number of monosaccharide units","conditions":"Average molecular weight of heparin ~15 kDa (chain-length proxy; not a DP count). Heparan sulfate ~30 kDa (longer chains). Reported in molecular weight, not number of monosaccharide units","conditions_detail":"Average molecular weight of heparin ~15 kDa (chain-length proxy; not a DP count). Heparan sulfate ~30 kDa (longer chains). Reported in molecular weight, not number of monosaccharide units | metric: average molecular weight | source: heparin (general)","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-23056-1_8","source_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3755452/","year":"2012","confidence":"high","comments":"\"have an average molecular weight of ~30 kDa as compared to ~15 kDa for heparin\"  — Chain length expressed as Mw (Da), not DP. ~15 kDa heparin corresponds to roughly 40-50 monosaccharides  [Zachary Shriver, Ishan Capila, Ganesh Venkataraman, Ram Sasisekharan, 2012, confidence: high]"},{"id":706,"dataset":"heparin","entity":"heparan sulfate (general)","entity_group":"","entity_class":"heparan sulfate","property":"degree of polymerization","property_key":"degree_of_polymerization","value":"30000.0","unit":"Da","value_reported":"30000","unit_reported":"Da","method":"Review","method_detail":"Average molecular weight of heparan sulfate ~30 kDa, ~2x that of heparin (~15 kDa); HS chains generally longer. Reported in molecular weight, not number of monosaccharide units","conditions":"Average molecular weight of heparan sulfate ~30 kDa, ~2x that of heparin (~15 kDa); HS chains generally longer. Reported in molecular weight, not number of monosaccharide units","conditions_detail":"Average molecular weight of heparan sulfate ~30 kDa, ~2x that of heparin (~15 kDa); HS chains generally longer. Reported in molecular weight, not number of monosaccharide units | metric: average molecular weight | source: heparan sulfate (general)","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-23056-1_8","source_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3755452/","year":"2012","confidence":"high","comments":"\"have an average molecular weight of ~30 kDa as compared to ~15 kDa for heparin\"  — Chain length as Mw (Da), not DP  [Zachary Shriver, Ishan Capila, Ganesh Venkataraman, Ram Sasisekharan, 2012, confidence: high]"},{"id":707,"dataset":"heparin","entity":"heparin (porcine intestinal, UFH)","entity_group":"","entity_class":"heparin (UFH)","property":"degree of polymerization","property_key":"degree_of_polymerization","value":"14618.0","unit":"Da","value_reported":"14618","unit_reported":"Da","method":"Experiment","method_detail":"Number-average molecular weight (Mn) of unfractionated heparin by GPC; chain-length proxy. Mw was 24899 Da","conditions":"Number-average molecular weight (Mn) of unfractionated heparin by GPC; chain-length proxy. Mw was 24899 Da","conditions_detail":"Number-average molecular weight (Mn) of unfractionated heparin by GPC; chain-length proxy. Mw was 24899 Da | metric: number-average MW (Mn) | source: porcine intestinal UFH | Mw Da: 24899","doi":"10.1002/jps.23939","source_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3998821/","year":"2014","confidence":"high","comments":"\"UFH...MN...14618 ± 114\"  — Mn ~14.6 kDa for UFH; expressed as molecular weight (Da), not DP count  [Li Fu, Fuming Zhang, Guoyun Li, Akihiro Onishi, Ujjwal Bhaskar, Peilong Sun, Robert J. Linhardt, 2014, confidence: high]"},{"id":708,"dataset":"heparin","entity":"enoxaparin","entity_group":"","entity_class":"LMWH","property":"degree of polymerization","property_key":"degree_of_polymerization","value":"3190.0","unit":"Da","value_reported":"3190","unit_reported":"Da","method":"Experiment","method_detail":"Number-average molecular weight (Mn) of enoxaparin by GPC; chain-length proxy. Mw was 4215 Da. Much shorter chains than UFH","conditions":"Number-average molecular weight (Mn) of enoxaparin by GPC; chain-length proxy. Mw was 4215 Da. Much shorter chains than UFH","conditions_detail":"Number-average molecular weight (Mn) of enoxaparin by GPC; chain-length proxy. Mw was 4215 Da. Much shorter chains than UFH | metric: number-average MW (Mn) | source: porcine-derived LMWH | Mw Da: 4215","doi":"10.1002/jps.23939","source_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3998821/","year":"2014","confidence":"high","comments":"\"Enoxaparin...MN...3190 ± 20\"  — LMWH ~3.2 kDa Mn, roughly DP ~10; molecular weight (Da), not DP count  [Li Fu, Fuming Zhang, Guoyun Li, Akihiro Onishi, Ujjwal Bhaskar, Peilong Sun, Robert J. Linhardt, 2014, confidence: high]"},{"id":709,"dataset":"heparin","entity":"heparin (porcine intestinal, USP)","entity_group":"","entity_class":"heparin (UFH)","property":"degree of polymerization","property_key":"degree_of_polymerization","value":"17000.0","unit":"Da","value_reported":"17000","unit_reported":"Da","method":"Review","method_detail":"USP specification weight-average molecular weight range for porcine intestinal heparin, Mw 15000-19000 (value entered as midpoint 17000)","conditions":"USP specification weight-average molecular weight range for porcine intestinal heparin, Mw 15000-19000 (value entered as midpoint 17000)","conditions_detail":"USP specification weight-average molecular weight range for porcine intestinal heparin, Mw 15000-19000 (value entered as midpoint 17000) | metric: weight-average MW (Mw), USP spec | source: porcine intestinal | range Da: 15000-19000","doi":"10.1177/1076029616643822","source_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1076029616643822","year":"2016","confidence":"high","comments":"\"Mw 15 000 to 19 000\"  — Molecular weight (Da), not DP; range, value is midpoint  [Kalib St Ange, Akihiro Onishi, Li Fu, Xiaojun Sun, Lei Lin, Daisuke Mori, Fuming Zhang, Jonathan S. Dordick, Jawed Fareed, Debra Hoppensteadt, Walter Jeske, Robert J. Linhardt, 2016, confidence: high]"},{"id":710,"dataset":"heparin","entity":"heparan sulfate (porcine mucosal, Celsus)","entity_group":"","entity_class":"heparan sulfate","property":"degree of polymerization","property_key":"degree_of_polymerization","value":"44","unit":"DP","value_reported":"44","unit_reported":"DP","method":"Model","method_detail":"Estimated chain length ~44 disaccharide units (rings) for an average 22 kDa HS, computed using ~500 Da per disaccharide; raw Celsus HS Mw 20-25 kDa","conditions":"Estimated chain length ~44 disaccharide units (rings) for an average 22 kDa HS, computed using ~500 Da per disaccharide; raw Celsus HS Mw 20-25 kDa","conditions_detail":"Estimated chain length ~44 disaccharide units (rings) for an average 22 kDa HS, computed using ~500 Da per disaccharide; raw Celsus HS Mw 20-25 kDa | metric: chain length in disaccharide units (estimated) | source: porcine mucosal HS (Celsus), 22 kDa","doi":"","source_url":"https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/10266612","year":"2021","confidence":"low","comments":"\"a chain length for HS of about 44 rings per average (22 kDa) HS\"  — Estimated (model) value; expressed as disaccharide units (~44 disaccharides = DP ~88 monosaccharides). Patent/compilation source, lower confidence  [n/a (patent / compilation), 2021, confidence: low]"},{"id":711,"dataset":"heparin","entity":"heparin / heparan sulfate (general)","entity_group":"","entity_class":"heparan sulfate","property":"degree of polymerization","property_key":"degree_of_polymerization","value":"50","unit":"DP","value_reported":"50","unit_reported":"DP","method":"Review","method_detail":"HS/heparin GAG chains consist of 10-50 repeating DISACCHARIDE units (value entered as upper bound 50 disaccharides; note: in disaccharide units, equivalent to ~20-100 monosaccharides)","conditions":"HS/heparin GAG chains consist of 10-50 repeating DISACCHARIDE units (value entered as upper bound 50 disaccharides; note: in disaccharide units, equivalent to ~20-100 monosaccharides)","conditions_detail":"HS/heparin GAG chains consist of 10-50 repeating DISACCHARIDE units (value entered as upper bound 50 disaccharides; note: in disaccharide units, equivalent to ~20-100 monosaccharides) | metric: chain length in disaccharide units | source: HS/heparin GAGs (general) | range disaccharides: 10-50","doi":"","source_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6516462/","year":"2009","confidence":"low","comments":"\"HS/heparin GAGs consist of 10–50 repeating disaccharide units\"  — General range stated as 10-50 disaccharide units; value = upper bound in disaccharide units. Method_detail notes the unit basis  [Various (review/compilation), 2009, confidence: low]"},{"id":712,"dataset":"heparin","entity":"heparin (UFH)","entity_group":"","entity_class":"heparin (UFH)","property":"molecular weight","property_key":"molecular_weight","value":"15","unit":"kDa","value_reported":"15.0","unit_reported":"kDa","method":"Review","method_detail":"mean molecular weight; heterogeneous mixture (range 3,000-30,000 Da)","conditions":"mean molecular weight; heterogeneous mixture (range 3,000-30,000 Da)","conditions_detail":"mean molecular weight; heterogeneous mixture (range 3,000-30,000 Da) | range Da: 3000-30000","doi":"10.1186/1477-9560-9-5","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-9560-9-5","year":"2011","confidence":"high","comments":"\"UFH is a heterogeneous mixture of highly sulfated mucopolysaccharides of varying lengths with molecular weights ranging from 3,000 to 30,000 Da (mean 15,000 Da) that has been used as an anticoagulant since the 1950s.\"  — Thrombosis Journal review  [Fareed J, Adiguzel C, Thethi I, 2011, confidence: high]"},{"id":713,"dataset":"heparin","entity":"heparin (UFH)","entity_group":"","entity_class":"heparin (UFH)","property":"molecular weight","property_key":"molecular_weight","value":"16","unit":"kDa","value_reported":"16.0","unit_reported":"kDa","method":"Review","method_detail":"average molecular weight of heparin active pharmaceutical ingredient (API)","conditions":"average molecular weight of heparin active pharmaceutical ingredient (API)","conditions_detail":"average molecular weight of heparin active pharmaceutical ingredient (API)","doi":"10.1124/pharmrev.122.000684","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1124/pharmrev.122.000684","year":"2023","confidence":"high","comments":"\"Heparin active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), with an average molecular weight (MW) of about 16,000 g/mole, can then be converted to a range of LMWHs with an average MW 4000 to 6000 g/mole by enzymatic or chemical depolymerization.\"  — Pharmacological Reviews update  [Hogwood J, Mulloy B, Lever R, Gray E, Page CP, 2023, confidence: high]"},{"id":714,"dataset":"heparin","entity":"heparin (UFH)","entity_group":"","entity_class":"heparin (UFH)","property":"molecular weight","property_key":"molecular_weight","value":"17","unit":"kDa","value_reported":"14000-20000","unit_reported":"Da","method":"Review","method_detail":"mean molecular weight of porcine intestinal mucosa heparin (range, depends on process)","conditions":"mean molecular weight of porcine intestinal mucosa heparin (range, depends on process)","conditions_detail":"mean molecular weight of porcine intestinal mucosa heparin (range, depends on process) | source: porcine intestinal mucosa","doi":"10.1124/pr.115.011247","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.115.011247","year":"2016","confidence":"high","comments":"\"heparin prepared from pig intestinal mucosa is a polydisperse polysaccharide with a mean molecular weight in the range of 14,000-20,000, the exact figure depending on the manufacturing process in addition to the starting material\"  [Mulloy B, Hogwood J, Gray E, Lever R, Page CP, 2016, confidence: high]"},{"id":715,"dataset":"heparin","entity":"heparin (UFH)","entity_group":"","entity_class":"heparin (UFH)","property":"molecular weight","property_key":"molecular_weight","value":"12","unit":"kDa","value_reported":"12.0","unit_reported":"kDa","method":"Experiment","method_detail":"average molecular weight of commercial porcine intestinal mucosa heparin (J.T. Baker reagent)","conditions":"average molecular weight of commercial porcine intestinal mucosa heparin (J.T. Baker reagent)","conditions_detail":"average molecular weight of commercial porcine intestinal mucosa heparin (J.T. Baker reagent) | source: porcine intestinal mucosa","doi":"10.1128/jvi.02222-18","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02222-18","year":"2019","confidence":"high","comments":"\"Porcine intestinal mucosa heparin (average molecular weight, 12 kDa) was purchased from J. T. Baker\"  — reagent specification  [Dhindwal S, Avila B, Feng S, et al., 2019, confidence: high]"},{"id":716,"dataset":"heparin","entity":"heparin (UFH)","entity_group":"","entity_class":"heparin (UFH)","property":"anti-Xa activity","property_key":"anti_xa_activity","value":"180","unit":"IU/mg","value_reported":"≥180","unit_reported":"IU/mg","method":"Review","method_detail":"USP/EP pharmacopoeial specific activity requirement (potency), porcine mucosal heparin","conditions":"USP/EP pharmacopoeial specific activity requirement (potency), porcine mucosal heparin","conditions_detail":"USP/EP pharmacopoeial specific activity requirement (potency), porcine mucosal heparin | source: porcine intestinal mucosa | note: expressed as IU/mg or USP U/mg","doi":"10.3390/ph10030059","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ph10030059","year":"2017","confidence":"high","comments":"\"The pharmacopoeial specifications for PM heparin are for potency, a specific activity not less than 180 IU/mg or USP U/mg, and for identity a ratio of AT:aIIa/AT:aXa values within 0.9 to 1.1.\"  — Potency assay is antithrombin/anti-IIa-based; pharmacopoeial minimum  [Hogwood J, Mulloy B, Gray E, 2017, confidence: high]"},{"id":717,"dataset":"heparin","entity":"heparin (UFH) - porcine mucosal","entity_group":"","entity_class":"heparin (UFH)","property":"anti-Xa activity","property_key":"anti_xa_activity","value":"185","unit":"IU/mg","value_reported":"185","unit_reported":"IU/mg","method":"Experiment","method_detail":"anti-Xa potency of porcine mucosal heparin (PMH) API","conditions":"anti-Xa potency of porcine mucosal heparin (PMH) API","conditions_detail":"anti-Xa potency of porcine mucosal heparin (PMH) API | source: porcine mucosa","doi":"10.3389/fmed.2018.00360","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2018.00360","year":"2019","confidence":"high","comments":"\"BMH exhibited an anti-Xa potency of 130 U/mg while PMH had an anti-Xa potency of 185 U/mg.\"  — U/mg = IU/mg; porcine mucosal heparin  [Jeske W, Kouta A, Farooqui A, et al., 2019, confidence: high]"},{"id":718,"dataset":"heparin","entity":"heparin (UFH) - bovine mucosal","entity_group":"","entity_class":"heparin (UFH)","property":"anti-Xa activity","property_key":"anti_xa_activity","value":"130","unit":"IU/mg","value_reported":"130","unit_reported":"IU/mg","method":"Experiment","method_detail":"anti-Xa potency of bovine mucosal heparin (BMH) API","conditions":"anti-Xa potency of bovine mucosal heparin (BMH) API","conditions_detail":"anti-Xa potency of bovine mucosal heparin (BMH) API | source: bovine mucosa","doi":"10.3389/fmed.2018.00360","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2018.00360","year":"2019","confidence":"high","comments":"\"BMH exhibited an anti-Xa potency of 130 U/mg while PMH had an anti-Xa potency of 185 U/mg.\"  — lower-potency bovine source  [Jeske W, Kouta A, Farooqui A, et al., 2019, confidence: high]"},{"id":719,"dataset":"heparin","entity":"heparin (UFH) - bovine mucosal","entity_group":"","entity_class":"heparin (UFH)","property":"molecular weight","property_key":"molecular_weight","value":"20.1","unit":"kDa","value_reported":"20.1","unit_reported":"kDa","method":"Experiment","method_detail":"mean molecular weight by size exclusion chromatography (BMH API)","conditions":"mean molecular weight by size exclusion chromatography (BMH API)","conditions_detail":"mean molecular weight by size exclusion chromatography (BMH API) | source: bovine mucosa | uncertainty kDa: 0.8","doi":"10.3389/fmed.2018.00360","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2018.00360","year":"2019","confidence":"high","comments":"\"Size exclusion chromatography demonstrated that the mean molecular weight of BMH was ~15% higher than that of PMH (BMH: 20.1 ± 0.8 kDa and PMH: 17.5 ± 0.7 kDa).\"  [Jeske W, Kouta A, Farooqui A, et al., 2019, confidence: high]"},{"id":720,"dataset":"heparin","entity":"heparin (UFH) - porcine mucosal","entity_group":"","entity_class":"heparin (UFH)","property":"molecular weight","property_key":"molecular_weight","value":"17.5","unit":"kDa","value_reported":"17.5","unit_reported":"kDa","method":"Experiment","method_detail":"mean molecular weight by size exclusion chromatography (PMH API)","conditions":"mean molecular weight by size exclusion chromatography (PMH API)","conditions_detail":"mean molecular weight by size exclusion chromatography (PMH API) | source: porcine mucosa | uncertainty kDa: 0.7","doi":"10.3389/fmed.2018.00360","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2018.00360","year":"2019","confidence":"high","comments":"\"Size exclusion chromatography demonstrated that the mean molecular weight of BMH was ~15% higher than that of PMH (BMH: 20.1 ± 0.8 kDa and PMH: 17.5 ± 0.7 kDa).\"  [Jeske W, Kouta A, Farooqui A, et al., 2019, confidence: high]"}]}