{"count":839,"next":"http://glycodata.org/api/gdd/glyco-properties/?format=json&page=33","previous":"http://glycodata.org/api/gdd/glyco-properties/?format=json&page=31","results":[{"id":621,"dataset":"heparin","entity":"fondaparinux","entity_group":"","entity_class":"synthetic","property":"anti-Xa activity","property_key":"anti_xa_activity","value":"700","unit":"IU/mg","value_reported":"700","unit_reported":"IU/mg","method":"Review","method_detail":"synthetic pentasaccharide anti-Xa specific activity","conditions":"synthetic pentasaccharide anti-Xa specific activity","conditions_detail":"synthetic pentasaccharide anti-Xa specific activity","doi":"10.1007/s11239-006-5579-4","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11239-006-5579-4","year":"2006","confidence":"medium","comments":"\"Fondaparinux is a synthetic pentasaccharide, which binds to antithrombin, thereby indirectly selectively inhibiting factor Xa.\"  — Fondaparinux anti-Xa ~700 IU/mg is widely cited; this source confirms its selective anti-Xa mechanism. Corroborates existing dataset records.  [Bauer KA, 2006, confidence: medium]"},{"id":622,"dataset":"heparin","entity":"heparin","entity_group":"","entity_class":"heparin (UFH)","property":"charge density","property_key":"charge_density","value":"3.7","unit":"per disaccharide","value_reported":"3.7","unit_reported":"per disaccharide","method":"Review","method_detail":"negative charges (sulfo + carboxyl groups) per disaccharide","conditions":"negative charges (sulfo + carboxyl groups) per disaccharide","conditions_detail":"negative charges (sulfo + carboxyl groups) per disaccharide | comparison: vs chondroitin sulfate S/C ~1, dermatan sulfate S/C ~1, DNA/RNA 1 charge per disaccharide","doi":"10.3390/molecules22061025","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22061025","year":"2017","confidence":"high","comments":"\"Both methods exploit the polymeric nature and uniquely high charge density of heparin (~3.7 negative charges/disaccharide), distinguishing heparin from other biopolymers such as chondroitin sulfate (CS) (S/C ratio of ~1), dermatan sulfate (DS) (S/C ratio of ~1) or DNA/RNA (1 negative charge per disaccharide).\"  — Total negative charges (sulfate + carboxylate) per disaccharide for heparin.  [van der Meer JY, Kellenbach E, van den Bos L, 2017, confidence: high]"},{"id":623,"dataset":"heparin","entity":"heparin","entity_group":"","entity_class":"heparin (UFH)","property":"charge density","property_key":"charge_density","value":"3.3","unit":"per disaccharide","value_reported":"3.3","unit_reported":"per disaccharide","method":"Review","method_detail":"negative charges per disaccharide (highest of any known biomolecule)","conditions":"negative charges per disaccharide (highest of any known biomolecule)","conditions_detail":"negative charges per disaccharide (highest of any known biomolecule)","doi":"10.1039/c7ob01058c","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ob01058c","year":"2017","confidence":"high","comments":"\"Heparin has the highest negative charge density of any known biomolecule (~3.3 negative charges per disaccharide)\"  — Same DOI also has a charge_density=3.3 record in existing dataset; retained here with verbatim quote for the negative-charges-per-disaccharide framing.  [Weiss RJ, Esko JD, Tor Y, 2017, confidence: high]"},{"id":624,"dataset":"heparin","entity":"heparin","entity_group":"","entity_class":"heparin (UFH)","property":"charge density","property_key":"charge_density","value":"2.3","unit":"per disaccharide","value_reported":"2.3","unit_reported":"per disaccharide","method":"Review","method_detail":"sulfate groups per disaccharide (heparin)","conditions":"sulfate groups per disaccharide (heparin)","conditions_detail":"sulfate groups per disaccharide (heparin) | charge type: sulfate groups only (excludes carboxylate)","doi":"10.1039/c7ob01058c","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ob01058c","year":"2017","confidence":"high","comments":"\"heparin is related in structure to HS (2.3 sulfate groups per disaccharide in heparin vs. ~0.8 sulfate groups per disaccharide in typical HS)\"  — Sulfates-per-disaccharide (not total charge); add ~1 carboxylate/disaccharide for total charge.  [Weiss RJ, Esko JD, Tor Y, 2017, confidence: high]"},{"id":625,"dataset":"heparin","entity":"heparan sulfate (typical)","entity_group":"","entity_class":"heparan sulfate","property":"charge density","property_key":"charge_density","value":"0.8","unit":"per disaccharide","value_reported":"0.8","unit_reported":"per disaccharide","method":"Review","method_detail":"sulfate groups per disaccharide (typical heparan sulfate)","conditions":"sulfate groups per disaccharide (typical heparan sulfate)","conditions_detail":"sulfate groups per disaccharide (typical heparan sulfate) | charge type: sulfate groups only (excludes carboxylate)","doi":"10.1039/c7ob01058c","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ob01058c","year":"2017","confidence":"high","comments":"\"2.3 sulfate groups per disaccharide in heparin vs. ~0.8 sulfate groups per disaccharide in typical HS\"  — Heparan sulfate sulfates-per-disaccharide (much lower than heparin).  [Weiss RJ, Esko JD, Tor Y, 2017, confidence: high]"},{"id":626,"dataset":"heparin","entity":"heparin","entity_group":"","entity_class":"heparin (UFH)","property":"charge density","property_key":"charge_density","value":"2.5","unit":"per disaccharide","value_reported":"2.5","unit_reported":"per disaccharide","method":"Experiment","method_detail":"average sulfation level (sulfates per disaccharide) from disaccharide composition analysis; ~2.2 measured for porcine mucosal heparin","conditions":"average sulfation level (sulfates per disaccharide) from disaccharide composition analysis; ~2.2 measured for porcine mucosal heparin","conditions_detail":"average sulfation level (sulfates per disaccharide) from disaccharide composition analysis; ~2.2 measured for porcine mucosal heparin | range: 1.4-2.5 sulfates per disaccharide (typically high end) | measured PMH: 2.2 | charge type: sulfate groups only","doi":"10.1038/s41598-019-39093-6","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-39093-6","year":"2019","confidence":"high","comments":"\"This provides Hp with an overall sulfation level of 1.4-2.5 sulfates per disaccharide unit, but most typically at the higher end of this range\"  — Heparin overall sulfation (sulfates per disaccharide); same paper measured ~2.2 for porcine mucosal heparin.  [Taylor S, Hogwood J, Guo W, et al., 2019, confidence: high]"},{"id":627,"dataset":"heparin","entity":"heparan sulfate","entity_group":"","entity_class":"heparan sulfate","property":"charge density","property_key":"charge_density","value":"0.9","unit":"per disaccharide","value_reported":"0.55-1.25","unit_reported":"per disaccharide","method":"Review","method_detail":"typical overall sulfation (sulfates per disaccharide) of heparan sulfate","conditions":"typical overall sulfation (sulfates per disaccharide) of heparan sulfate","conditions_detail":"typical overall sulfation (sulfates per disaccharide) of heparan sulfate | charge type: sulfate groups only (excludes carboxylate)","doi":"10.1038/s41598-019-39093-6","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-39093-6","year":"2019","confidence":"high","comments":"\"HS ... usually comprises much longer chains. HS possesses higher ratios of GlcA/IdoA and GlcNAc/GlcNS compared to Hp, and lower overall sulfation (typically 0.55-1.25 sulfates per disaccharide).\"  — Heparan sulfate overall sulfation range.  [Taylor S, Hogwood J, Guo W, et al., 2019, confidence: high]"},{"id":628,"dataset":"heparin","entity":"heparan sulfate (mouse kidney cortex)","entity_group":"","entity_class":"heparan sulfate","property":"charge density","property_key":"charge_density","value":"0.79","unit":"per disaccharide","value_reported":"0.79","unit_reported":"per disaccharide","method":"Experiment","method_detail":"sulfate per disaccharide by RPIP-HPLC disaccharide analysis of HS from db/+ control mouse kidney","conditions":"sulfate per disaccharide by RPIP-HPLC disaccharide analysis of HS from db/+ control mouse kidney","conditions_detail":"sulfate per disaccharide by RPIP-HPLC disaccharide analysis of HS from db/+ control mouse kidney | tissue: mouse kidney cortex (db/+ control) | uncertainty: +/-0.10 SEM | charge type: sulfate groups only","doi":"10.1369/0022155413494392","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1369/0022155413494392","year":"2013","confidence":"high","comments":"\"The amount (mean +/- SEM) of sulfate per disaccharide unit was 0.90 +/- 0.03 for HS from db/db mice and 0.79 +/- 0.10 for HS from db/+ mice\"  — Experimentally measured HS sulfate-per-disaccharide (control kidney).  [Reine TM, Grondahl F, Jenssen T, et al., 2013, confidence: high]"},{"id":629,"dataset":"heparin","entity":"heparan sulfate (mouse kidney cortex, diabetic db/db)","entity_group":"","entity_class":"heparan sulfate","property":"charge density","property_key":"charge_density","value":"0.9","unit":"per disaccharide","value_reported":"0.9","unit_reported":"per disaccharide","method":"Experiment","method_detail":"sulfate per disaccharide by RPIP-HPLC disaccharide analysis of HS from db/db diabetic mouse kidney","conditions":"sulfate per disaccharide by RPIP-HPLC disaccharide analysis of HS from db/db diabetic mouse kidney","conditions_detail":"sulfate per disaccharide by RPIP-HPLC disaccharide analysis of HS from db/db diabetic mouse kidney | tissue: mouse kidney cortex (db/db diabetic) | uncertainty: +/-0.03 SEM | charge type: sulfate groups only","doi":"10.1369/0022155413494392","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1369/0022155413494392","year":"2013","confidence":"high","comments":"\"The amount (mean +/- SEM) of sulfate per disaccharide unit was 0.90 +/- 0.03 for HS from db/db mice and 0.79 +/- 0.10 for HS from db/+ mice\"  — Experimentally measured HS sulfate-per-disaccharide (diabetic kidney); no significant difference vs control.  [Reine TM, Grondahl F, Jenssen T, et al., 2013, confidence: high]"},{"id":630,"dataset":"heparin","entity":"heparin (Anodonta anodonta, slow-moving high-MW component)","entity_group":"","entity_class":"heparinoid (other)","property":"charge density","property_key":"charge_density","value":"2.66","unit":"per disaccharide","value_reported":"2.66","unit_reported":"per disaccharide","method":"Experiment","method_detail":"sulfate-to-carboxyl (S/C) ratio of the high-MW heparin component from freshwater mollusc, by oligosaccharide mapping","conditions":"sulfate-to-carboxyl (S/C) ratio of the high-MW heparin component from freshwater mollusc, by oligosaccharide mapping","conditions_detail":"sulfate-to-carboxyl (S/C) ratio of the high-MW heparin component from freshwater mollusc, by oligosaccharide mapping | source species: Anodonta anodonta (freshwater mollusc) | Mr: 14900 | metric: sulfate-to-carboxyl ratio","doi":"10.1021/bm0505033","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/bm0505033","year":"2005","confidence":"high","comments":"\"The first species had an Mr of about 14 900 and a sulfate-to-carboxyl ratio of 2.66, while the second heparin component had an Mr of 7920 and a charge density of 2.11.\"  — Mollusc-derived heparin; S/C ratio (sulfates per carboxyl ~= sulfates per disaccharide since 1 carboxyl/disaccharide).  [Volpi N, Maccari F, 2005, confidence: high]"},{"id":631,"dataset":"heparin","entity":"heparin (Anodonta anodonta, fast-moving low-MW component)","entity_group":"","entity_class":"heparinoid (other)","property":"charge density","property_key":"charge_density","value":"2.11","unit":"per disaccharide","value_reported":"2.11","unit_reported":"per disaccharide","method":"Experiment","method_detail":"charge density (sulfate per disaccharide) of the low-MW heparin component from freshwater mollusc","conditions":"charge density (sulfate per disaccharide) of the low-MW heparin component from freshwater mollusc","conditions_detail":"charge density (sulfate per disaccharide) of the low-MW heparin component from freshwater mollusc | source species: Anodonta anodonta (freshwater mollusc) | Mr: 7920 | metric: charge density (S per disaccharide)","doi":"10.1021/bm0505033","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/bm0505033","year":"2005","confidence":"high","comments":"\"the second heparin component had an Mr of 7920 and a charge density of 2.11.\"  — Lower-sulfated mollusc heparin component.  [Volpi N, Maccari F, 2005, confidence: high]"},{"id":632,"dataset":"heparin","entity":"heparin (free acid, amorphous preparations)","entity_group":"","entity_class":"heparin (UFH)","property":"sulfur content","property_key":"sulfur_content","value":"13.5","unit":"% sulfur","value_reported":"13.5","unit_reported":"% sulfur","method":"Experiment","method_detail":"elemental sulphur analysis of amorphous heparin free acid (classic fractionation study)","conditions":"elemental sulphur analysis of amorphous heparin free acid (classic fractionation study)","conditions_detail":"elemental sulphur analysis of amorphous heparin free acid (classic fractionation study) | form: free acid, amorphous | basis: % S by mass | qualifier: up to","doi":"10.1042/bj0330047","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0330047","year":"1939","confidence":"high","comments":"\"the amorphous preparations can contain 20 % more S (up to 13.5 % in the free acid) than the crystalline product, which has 11.5 %.\"  — Highest %S for amorphous heparin free acid (classic elemental-analysis paper).  [Jorpes E, Bergstrom S, 1939, confidence: high]"},{"id":633,"dataset":"heparin","entity":"heparin (crystalline barium salt-derived free acid)","entity_group":"","entity_class":"heparin (UFH)","property":"sulfur content","property_key":"sulfur_content","value":"11.5","unit":"% sulfur","value_reported":"11.5","unit_reported":"% sulfur","method":"Experiment","method_detail":"elemental sulphur analysis of crystalline heparin product (free acid)","conditions":"elemental sulphur analysis of crystalline heparin product (free acid)","conditions_detail":"elemental sulphur analysis of crystalline heparin product (free acid) | form: crystalline product, free acid | basis: % S by mass","doi":"10.1042/bj0330047","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0330047","year":"1939","confidence":"high","comments":"\"the amorphous preparations can contain 20 % more S (up to 13.5 % in the free acid) than the crystalline product, which has 11.5 %.\"  — %S of crystalline heparin product.  [Jorpes E, Bergstrom S, 1939, confidence: high]"},{"id":634,"dataset":"heparin","entity":"heparin (liver, fractionated preparations)","entity_group":"","entity_class":"heparin (UFH)","property":"sulfur content","property_key":"sulfur_content","value":"9.629999999999999","unit":"% sulfur","value_reported":"7-12.26","unit_reported":"% sulfur","method":"Experiment","method_detail":"elemental sulphur analysis range across liver heparin fractions, correlated with anticoagulant potency","conditions":"elemental sulphur analysis range across liver heparin fractions, correlated with anticoagulant potency","conditions_detail":"elemental sulphur analysis range across liver heparin fractions, correlated with anticoagulant potency | source: liver | basis: % S by mass | potency range: 45-160% of standard","doi":"10.1042/bj0330047","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0330047","year":"1939","confidence":"high","comments":"\"Preparations of liver heparin containing from 7 to 12 26 % S show potencies varying from 45 to 160 % of the activity of the standard heparin from which they are derived.\"  — Liver heparin %S range; '12 26' in OCR is 12.26%. Anticoagulant potency rises with sulfur content.  [Jorpes E, Bergstrom S, 1939, confidence: high]"},{"id":635,"dataset":"heparin","entity":"supersulfated heparin (depolymerized)","entity_group":"","entity_class":"heparinoid (other)","property":"sulfur content","property_key":"sulfur_content","value":"13.56","unit":"% sulfur","value_reported":"13.56","unit_reported":"% sulfur","method":"Experiment","method_detail":"elemental analysis (sodium salt) of depolymerized and supersulfated heparin","conditions":"elemental analysis (sodium salt) of depolymerized and supersulfated heparin","conditions_detail":"elemental analysis (sodium salt) of depolymerized and supersulfated heparin | form: sodium salt | modification: depolymerized + supersulfated | basis: % S by mass","doi":"","source_url":"https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/4727063","year":"1988","confidence":"medium","comments":"\"depolymerized and supersulfated sodium heparin ... elemental analysis showing S: 13.56%\"  — Patent elemental analysis of a supersulfated heparin (no DOI; US patent). Higher than native heparin due to extra sulfation.  [US Patent 4727063, 1988, confidence: medium]"},{"id":636,"dataset":"heparin","entity":"heparin pentasaccharide (fondaparinux)","entity_group":"","entity_class":"synthetic","property":"protein binding affinity (Kd)","property_key":"binding_affinity","value":"0.022","unit":"µM","value_reported":"22.0","unit_reported":"nM","method":"Experiment","method_detail":"Kd vs antithrombin (AT), measured by enhancement of AT intrinsic fluorescence (ex 280 nm, em 340 nm) on fondaparinux binding","conditions":"Kd vs antithrombin (AT), measured by enhancement of AT intrinsic fluorescence (ex 280 nm, em 340 nm) on fondaparinux binding","conditions_detail":"Kd vs antithrombin (AT), measured by enhancement of AT intrinsic fluorescence (ex 280 nm, em 340 nm) on fondaparinux binding | partner: antithrombin III | technique: fluorescence | temperature C: 25","doi":"10.1074/jbc.M113.485268","source_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3764794/","year":"2013","confidence":"high","comments":"\"Fondaparinux bound to antithrombin with a KD of 22.0 ± 3.4 nM\"  — Synthetic AT-binding pentasaccharide (fondaparinux); canonical AT-III interaction  [Viskov C, Just M, Laux V, Mourier P, Lorenz M, et al., 2013, confidence: high]"},{"id":637,"dataset":"heparin","entity":"heparin pentasaccharide (fondaparinux)","entity_group":"","entity_class":"synthetic","property":"protein binding affinity (Kd)","property_key":"binding_affinity","value":"0.0207","unit":"µM","value_reported":"0.0207","unit_reported":"µM","method":"Experiment","method_detail":"Kd vs antithrombin (AT) by fluorescence titration at 0.1 M NaCl","conditions":"Kd vs antithrombin (AT) by fluorescence titration at 0.1 M NaCl","conditions_detail":"Kd vs antithrombin (AT) by fluorescence titration at 0.1 M NaCl | partner: antithrombin III | technique: fluorescence | NaCl M: 0.1 | temperature C: 25","doi":"10.1074/jbc.M113.485268","source_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3764794/","year":"2013","confidence":"high","comments":"\"The Kd values obtained for fondaparinux ... 0.0207 µM at 0.1 M NaCl\"  — Fondaparinux/AT Kd at low salt; Table 3  [Viskov C, Just M, Laux V, Mourier P, Lorenz M, et al., 2013, confidence: high]"},{"id":638,"dataset":"heparin","entity":"heparin pentasaccharide (fondaparinux)","entity_group":"","entity_class":"synthetic","property":"protein binding affinity (Kd)","property_key":"binding_affinity","value":"0.279","unit":"µM","value_reported":"0.279","unit_reported":"µM","method":"Experiment","method_detail":"Kd vs antithrombin (AT) by fluorescence titration at 0.25 M NaCl","conditions":"Kd vs antithrombin (AT) by fluorescence titration at 0.25 M NaCl","conditions_detail":"Kd vs antithrombin (AT) by fluorescence titration at 0.25 M NaCl | partner: antithrombin III | technique: fluorescence | NaCl M: 0.25 | temperature C: 25","doi":"10.1074/jbc.M113.485268","source_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3764794/","year":"2013","confidence":"high","comments":"\"Kd values obtained for fondaparinux ... 0.279 µM at 0.25 M NaCl\"  — Fondaparinux/AT Kd at physiological salt; Table 3. Ionic strength markedly weakens affinity  [Viskov C, Just M, Laux V, Mourier P, Lorenz M, et al., 2013, confidence: high]"},{"id":639,"dataset":"heparin","entity":"heparin pentasaccharide (fondaparinux)","entity_group":"","entity_class":"synthetic","property":"protein binding affinity (Kd)","property_key":"binding_affinity","value":"3.47","unit":"µM","value_reported":"3.47","unit_reported":"µM","method":"Experiment","method_detail":"Kd vs antithrombin (AT) by fluorescence titration at 0.5 M NaCl","conditions":"Kd vs antithrombin (AT) by fluorescence titration at 0.5 M NaCl","conditions_detail":"Kd vs antithrombin (AT) by fluorescence titration at 0.5 M NaCl | partner: antithrombin III | technique: fluorescence | NaCl M: 0.5 | temperature C: 25","doi":"10.1074/jbc.M113.485268","source_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3764794/","year":"2013","confidence":"high","comments":"\"Kd values obtained for fondaparinux ... 3.47 µM at 0.5 M NaCl\"  — Fondaparinux/AT Kd at high salt; Table 3  [Viskov C, Just M, Laux V, Mourier P, Lorenz M, et al., 2013, confidence: high]"},{"id":640,"dataset":"heparin","entity":"heparin dodecasaccharide (two AT-binding pentasaccharides)","entity_group":"","entity_class":"heparin oligosaccharide","property":"protein binding affinity (Kd)","property_key":"binding_affinity","value":"0.0099","unit":"µM","value_reported":"0.0099","unit_reported":"µM","method":"Experiment","method_detail":"Kd vs antithrombin (AT) by fluorescence titration at 0.1 M NaCl","conditions":"Kd vs antithrombin (AT) by fluorescence titration at 0.1 M NaCl","conditions_detail":"Kd vs antithrombin (AT) by fluorescence titration at 0.1 M NaCl | partner: antithrombin III | technique: fluorescence | NaCl M: 0.1 | temperature C: 25","doi":"10.1074/jbc.M113.485268","source_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3764794/","year":"2013","confidence":"high","comments":"\"Binding of the dodecasaccharide to AT was investigated in the presence of 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 M NaCl yielding Kd values of 0.0099, 0.086, and 1.23 µM, respectively\"  — Dodecasaccharide with two pentasaccharide motifs; 0.1 M NaCl  [Viskov C, Just M, Laux V, Mourier P, Lorenz M, et al., 2013, confidence: high]"}]}