{"count":839,"next":"http://glycodata.org/api/gdd/glyco-properties/?format=json&page=29","previous":"http://glycodata.org/api/gdd/glyco-properties/?format=json&page=27","results":[{"id":541,"dataset":"cellulose","entity":"cellulose nanocrystals (CNC, cotton linter)","entity_group":"cotton","entity_class":"nanocellulose","property":"crystallinity index","property_key":"crystallinity_index","value":"93.5","unit":"%","value_reported":"93.5","unit_reported":"%","method":"Review","method_detail":"XRD, Segal method (cited literature value)","conditions":"XRD, Segal method (cited literature value)","conditions_detail":"XRD, Segal method (cited literature value) | measurement: XRD Segal | allomorph: I | source: cotton linter CNC","doi":"10.3390/fib10070061","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fib10070061","year":"2022","confidence":"medium","comments":"\"However, it was lower than the value for cotton liner (93.5%) [36].\"  — Literature value cited within Indirasetyo & Kusmono 2022 for cotton-linter CNC.  [Indirasetyo EN, Kusmono, 2022, confidence: medium]"},{"id":542,"dataset":"cellulose","entity":"cellulose nanocrystals (CNC, microcrystalline cellulose precursor)","entity_group":"cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)","entity_class":"nanocellulose","property":"crystallinity index","property_key":"crystallinity_index","value":"98.4","unit":"%","value_reported":"98.4","unit_reported":"%","method":"Experiment","method_detail":"XRD, Segal method (after baseline correction)","conditions":"XRD, Segal method (after baseline correction)","conditions_detail":"XRD, Segal method (after baseline correction) | measurement: XRD Segal | allomorph: I | source: cellulose nanocrystals from microcrystalline cellulose","doi":"","source_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/energy-research/articles/10.3389/fenrg.2021.774783/full","year":"2021","confidence":"medium","comments":"\"Using Segal's method, crystallinity indexes of microcrystalline cellulose at 92.1% and cellulose nanocrystals at 98.4% were measured after baseline correction.\"  — Paired MCC precursor value 92.1% (see next record). Segal peak height overestimates; baseline correction inflates values further.  [see source_url, 2021, confidence: medium]"},{"id":543,"dataset":"cellulose","entity":"microcrystalline cellulose (CNC precursor)","entity_group":"cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)","entity_class":"pulp / microcrystalline cellulose","property":"crystallinity index","property_key":"crystallinity_index","value":"92.1","unit":"%","value_reported":"92.1","unit_reported":"%","method":"Experiment","method_detail":"XRD, Segal method (after baseline correction)","conditions":"XRD, Segal method (after baseline correction)","conditions_detail":"XRD, Segal method (after baseline correction) | measurement: XRD Segal | allomorph: I | source: microcrystalline cellulose","doi":"","source_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/energy-research/articles/10.3389/fenrg.2021.774783/full","year":"2021","confidence":"medium","comments":"\"Using Segal's method, crystallinity indexes of microcrystalline cellulose at 92.1% and cellulose nanocrystals at 98.4% were measured after baseline correction.\"  — MCC precursor of the 98.4% CNC above.  [see source_url, 2021, confidence: medium]"},{"id":544,"dataset":"cellulose","entity":"cellulose nanofibrils (CNF)","entity_group":"cellulose nanofibril (CNF)","entity_class":"nanocellulose","property":"crystallinity index","property_key":"crystallinity_index","value":"80.87","unit":"%","value_reported":"80.87","unit_reported":"%","method":"Experiment","method_detail":"XRD, Segal formula","conditions":"XRD, Segal formula","conditions_detail":"XRD, Segal formula | measurement: XRD Segal | allomorph: I | source: cellulose nanofibrils","doi":"","source_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/energy-research/articles/10.3389/fenrg.2021.774783/full","year":"2021","confidence":"medium","comments":"\"the crystallinity index (CrI) of CNF determined by X-ray diffraction using the Segal formula was 80.87%.\"  — CNF (nanofibril) Segal XRD value.  [see source_url, 2021, confidence: medium]"},{"id":545,"dataset":"cellulose","entity":"TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCN)","entity_group":"cellulose nanofibril (CNF)","entity_class":"nanocellulose","property":"crystallinity index","property_key":"crystallinity_index","value":"80.0","unit":"%","value_reported":"65-95","unit_reported":"%","method":"Review","method_detail":"XRD (range across studies)","conditions":"XRD (range across studies)","conditions_detail":"XRD (range across studies) | measurement: XRD | allomorph: I | source: TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (various cellulose sources)","doi":"","source_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0141813023059809","year":"2024","confidence":"medium","comments":"\"TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers exhibit excellent crystallinity ranging from 65-95%.\"  — Review-stated range for TOCN crystallinity by XRD; cellulose I retained after oxidation.  [see source_url, 2024, confidence: medium]"},{"id":546,"dataset":"cellulose","entity":"bacterial cellulose (nata de coco, Acetobacter xylinum)","entity_group":"bacterial cellulose","entity_class":"native cellulose","property":"crystallinity index","property_key":"crystallinity_index","value":"81.76","unit":"%","value_reported":"81.76","unit_reported":"%","method":"Experiment","method_detail":"XRD, Segal method","conditions":"XRD, Segal method","conditions_detail":"XRD, Segal method | measurement: XRD Segal | allomorph: I | source: bacterial cellulose sheet from nata de coco (Acetobacter xylinum)","doi":"","source_url":"https://polimery.ichp.vot.pl/index.php/p/article/view/1118","year":"2022","confidence":"medium","comments":"\"The BC sheet sample from Nata de Coco (Acetobacter xylinum) had the highest degree of crystallinity at 81.76% compared to cotton cellulose at 75.73%.\"  — Bacterial cellulose 81.76% vs cotton cellulose 75.73% (same study, see next record).  [see source_url, 2022, confidence: medium]"},{"id":547,"dataset":"cellulose","entity":"cotton cellulose","entity_group":"cotton","entity_class":"native cellulose","property":"crystallinity index","property_key":"crystallinity_index","value":"75.73","unit":"%","value_reported":"75.73","unit_reported":"%","method":"Experiment","method_detail":"XRD, Segal method","conditions":"XRD, Segal method","conditions_detail":"XRD, Segal method | measurement: XRD Segal | allomorph: I | source: cotton cellulose (reference)","doi":"","source_url":"https://polimery.ichp.vot.pl/index.php/p/article/view/1118","year":"2022","confidence":"medium","comments":"\"The BC sheet sample from Nata de Coco (Acetobacter xylinum) had the highest degree of crystallinity at 81.76% compared to cotton cellulose at 75.73%.\"  — Cotton reference in the same study.  [see source_url, 2022, confidence: medium]"},{"id":548,"dataset":"cellulose","entity":"cellulose triacetate (type II)","entity_group":"cellulose acetate","entity_class":"cellulose derivative","property":"crystallinity index","property_key":"crystallinity_index","value":"46.0","unit":"%","value_reported":"46","unit_reported":"%","method":"Experiment","method_detail":"XRD, degree of crystallinity","conditions":"XRD, degree of crystallinity","conditions_detail":"XRD, degree of crystallinity | measurement: XRD | allomorph: cellulose triacetate (CTA II) | source: cellulose triacetate type II","doi":"10.1016/0032-3861(70)90019-4","source_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0032386170900194","year":"1970","confidence":"medium","comments":"\"Cellulose triacetate type II had a degree of crystallinity of 46%, as determined by X-ray diffraction\"  — Cellulose derivative (acetate); semicrystalline. A second triacetate product was reported at 32%.  [see source_url, 1970, confidence: medium]"},{"id":549,"dataset":"cellulose","entity":"cellulose triacetate","entity_group":"cellulose acetate","entity_class":"cellulose derivative","property":"crystallinity index","property_key":"crystallinity_index","value":"45.0","unit":"%","value_reported":"40-50","unit_reported":"%","method":"Review","method_detail":"XRD (typical semicrystalline range)","conditions":"XRD (typical semicrystalline range)","conditions_detail":"XRD (typical semicrystalline range) | measurement: XRD | allomorph: cellulose triacetate | source: cellulose triacetate (general)","doi":"10.3390/molecules27041434","source_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8879401/","year":"2022","confidence":"medium","comments":"\"Cellulose triacetate possesses a semicrystalline structure exhibiting crystallinity levels of about 40-50%.\"  — General range; cellulose acetate derivatives are markedly less crystalline than native cellulose. CMC is essentially amorphous (low/no CrI).  [Shaikh HM, et al., 2022, confidence: medium]"},{"id":550,"dataset":"cellulose","entity":"cellulose acetate","entity_group":"cellulose acetate","entity_class":"cellulose derivative","property":"glass transition temperature","property_key":"Tg","value":"198.0","unit":"C","value_reported":"198","unit_reported":"C","method":"Experiment","method_detail":"DSC (NETZSCH DSC 204 F1), second heating run, 20 K/min, N2; acetylation content ~40% (DS ~2.5)","conditions":"DSC (NETZSCH DSC 204 F1), second heating run, 20 K/min, N2; acetylation content ~40% (DS ~2.5)","conditions_detail":"DSC (NETZSCH DSC 204 F1), second heating run, 20 K/min, N2; acetylation content ~40% (DS ~2.5) | heating rate (K/min): 20 | test state: dry | water (wt%): 0 | DS: 2.5","doi":"10.3390/polym13091356","source_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/9/1356","year":"2021","confidence":"high","comments":"\"The glass transition temperature was approximately 198 °C and the melting temperature was within the range of 230-250 °C.\"  — Raw (unplasticized) CA powder, CS-grade, DS ~2.5, acetyl ~40%, dried overnight at 80 C before processing.  [Erdmann R, Kabasci S, Heim H-P, 2021, confidence: high]"},{"id":551,"dataset":"cellulose","entity":"cellulose acetate","entity_group":"cellulose acetate","entity_class":"cellulose derivative","property":"glass transition temperature","property_key":"Tg","value":"196.6","unit":"C","value_reported":"196.6","unit_reported":"C","method":"Experiment","method_detail":"DSC, mid-glass-transition temperature (Tmg), second heating run, 20 K/min; Tig 191.4 C, Tfg 201.6 C","conditions":"DSC, mid-glass-transition temperature (Tmg), second heating run, 20 K/min; Tig 191.4 C, Tfg 201.6 C","conditions_detail":"DSC, mid-glass-transition temperature (Tmg), second heating run, 20 K/min; Tig 191.4 C, Tfg 201.6 C | heating rate (K/min): 20 | test state: dry | water (wt%): 0 | DS: 2.5","doi":"10.3390/polym13091356","source_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/9/1356","year":"2021","confidence":"high","comments":"\"CA | 100 | 191.4 | 196.6 | 201.6 | 0.233 (Table 2: Tig | Tmg | Tfg for CA 100 wt%)\"  — Table 2 row CA 100 wt%; Tmg = mid-glass-transition (conventional DSC midpoint Tg).  [Erdmann R, Kabasci S, Heim H-P, 2021, confidence: high]"},{"id":552,"dataset":"cellulose","entity":"cellulose acetate","entity_group":"cellulose acetate","entity_class":"cellulose derivative","property":"glass transition temperature","property_key":"Tg","value":"122.8","unit":"C","value_reported":"122.8","unit_reported":"C","method":"Experiment","method_detail":"DSC, mid-glass-transition temperature (Tmg), second heating, 20 K/min; plasticized CA/GTA 85/15","conditions":"DSC, mid-glass-transition temperature (Tmg), second heating, 20 K/min; plasticized CA/GTA 85/15","conditions_detail":"DSC, mid-glass-transition temperature (Tmg), second heating, 20 K/min; plasticized CA/GTA 85/15 | heating rate (K/min): 20 | test state: plasticized | water (wt%): 0 | plasticizer: glycerol triacetate (GTA), 15 wt% | DS: 2.5","doi":"10.3390/polym13091356","source_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/9/1356","year":"2021","confidence":"high","comments":"\"CA/GTA | 85/15 | 109.6 | 122.8 | 137.1 (Table 2: Tig | Tmg | Tfg)\"  — 15 wt% glycerol triacetate (GTA) plasticizer; Tmg is midpoint.  [Erdmann R, Kabasci S, Heim H-P, 2021, confidence: high]"},{"id":553,"dataset":"cellulose","entity":"cellulose acetate","entity_group":"cellulose acetate","entity_class":"cellulose derivative","property":"glass transition temperature","property_key":"Tg","value":"104.1","unit":"C","value_reported":"104.1","unit_reported":"C","method":"Experiment","method_detail":"DSC, mid-glass-transition temperature (Tmg), second heating, 20 K/min; plasticized CA/GTA 75/25","conditions":"DSC, mid-glass-transition temperature (Tmg), second heating, 20 K/min; plasticized CA/GTA 75/25","conditions_detail":"DSC, mid-glass-transition temperature (Tmg), second heating, 20 K/min; plasticized CA/GTA 75/25 | heating rate (K/min): 20 | test state: plasticized | water (wt%): 0 | plasticizer: glycerol triacetate (GTA), 25 wt% | DS: 2.5","doi":"10.3390/polym13091356","source_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/9/1356","year":"2021","confidence":"high","comments":"\"CA/GTA | 75/25 | 86.3 | 104.1 | 122.6 (Table 2: Tig | Tmg | Tfg)\"  — 25 wt% glycerol triacetate (GTA).  [Erdmann R, Kabasci S, Heim H-P, 2021, confidence: high]"},{"id":554,"dataset":"cellulose","entity":"cellulose acetate","entity_group":"cellulose acetate","entity_class":"cellulose derivative","property":"glass transition temperature","property_key":"Tg","value":"84.7","unit":"C","value_reported":"84.7","unit_reported":"C","method":"Experiment","method_detail":"DSC, mid-glass-transition temperature (Tmg), second heating, 20 K/min; plasticized CA/GTA 60/40","conditions":"DSC, mid-glass-transition temperature (Tmg), second heating, 20 K/min; plasticized CA/GTA 60/40","conditions_detail":"DSC, mid-glass-transition temperature (Tmg), second heating, 20 K/min; plasticized CA/GTA 60/40 | heating rate (K/min): 20 | test state: plasticized | water (wt%): 0 | plasticizer: glycerol triacetate (GTA), 40 wt% | DS: 2.5","doi":"10.3390/polym13091356","source_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/9/1356","year":"2021","confidence":"high","comments":"\"CA/GTA | 60/40 | 73.7 | 84.7 | 93.4 (Table 2: Tig | Tmg | Tfg)\"  — 40 wt% glycerol triacetate (GTA).  [Erdmann R, Kabasci S, Heim H-P, 2021, confidence: high]"},{"id":555,"dataset":"cellulose","entity":"cellulose acetate","entity_group":"cellulose acetate","entity_class":"cellulose derivative","property":"glass transition temperature","property_key":"Tg","value":"142.4","unit":"C","value_reported":"142.4","unit_reported":"C","method":"Experiment","method_detail":"DSC, mid-glass-transition temperature (Tmg), second heating, 20 K/min; plasticized CA/TEC 85/15","conditions":"DSC, mid-glass-transition temperature (Tmg), second heating, 20 K/min; plasticized CA/TEC 85/15","conditions_detail":"DSC, mid-glass-transition temperature (Tmg), second heating, 20 K/min; plasticized CA/TEC 85/15 | heating rate (K/min): 20 | test state: plasticized | water (wt%): 0 | plasticizer: triethyl citrate (TEC), 15 wt% | DS: 2.5","doi":"10.3390/polym13091356","source_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/9/1356","year":"2021","confidence":"high","comments":"\"CA/TEC | 85/15 | 129.5 | 142.4 | 153.4 (Table 2: Tig | Tmg | Tfg)\"  — 15 wt% triethyl citrate (TEC).  [Erdmann R, Kabasci S, Heim H-P, 2021, confidence: high]"},{"id":556,"dataset":"cellulose","entity":"cellulose acetate","entity_group":"cellulose acetate","entity_class":"cellulose derivative","property":"glass transition temperature","property_key":"Tg","value":"75.8","unit":"C","value_reported":"75.8","unit_reported":"C","method":"Experiment","method_detail":"DSC, mid-glass-transition temperature (Tmg), second heating, 20 K/min; plasticized CA/TEC 60/40","conditions":"DSC, mid-glass-transition temperature (Tmg), second heating, 20 K/min; plasticized CA/TEC 60/40","conditions_detail":"DSC, mid-glass-transition temperature (Tmg), second heating, 20 K/min; plasticized CA/TEC 60/40 | heating rate (K/min): 20 | test state: plasticized | water (wt%): 0 | plasticizer: triethyl citrate (TEC), 40 wt% | DS: 2.5","doi":"10.3390/polym13091356","source_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/9/1356","year":"2021","confidence":"high","comments":"\"CA/TEC | 60/40 | 69.7 | 75.8 | 111.1 (Table 2: Tig | Tmg | Tfg)\"  — 40 wt% triethyl citrate (TEC).  [Erdmann R, Kabasci S, Heim H-P, 2021, confidence: high]"},{"id":557,"dataset":"cellulose","entity":"cellulose acetate","entity_group":"cellulose acetate","entity_class":"cellulose derivative","property":"glass transition temperature","property_key":"Tg","value":"180.0","unit":"C","value_reported":"180","unit_reported":"C","method":"Review","method_detail":"Manufacturer typical-properties table (Tg column, deg C); grade CA-398-3, OH 3.5%, MWn ~30,000, DS ~2.5","conditions":"Manufacturer typical-properties table (Tg column, deg C); grade CA-398-3, OH 3.5%, MWn ~30,000, DS ~2.5","conditions_detail":"Manufacturer typical-properties table (Tg column, deg C); grade CA-398-3, OH 3.5%, MWn ~30,000, DS ~2.5 | test state: dry | DS: 2.5 | MW (g/mol): 30000","doi":"","source_url":"https://cms.chempoint.com/ChemPoint/media/ChemPointSiteMedia/General-CE-Brochure.pdf","year":"","confidence":"high","comments":"\"Table 1 Typical properties: CA-398-3 ... Tg deg C 180 (melting range 230-250 deg C)\"  — Solution-grade cellulose acetate (CA-398 series, ~DS 2.5). Handbook/compilation table value.  [Eastman Chemical Company, confidence: high]"},{"id":558,"dataset":"cellulose","entity":"cellulose acetate","entity_group":"cellulose acetate","entity_class":"cellulose derivative","property":"glass transition temperature","property_key":"Tg","value":"189.0","unit":"C","value_reported":"189","unit_reported":"C","method":"Review","method_detail":"Manufacturer typical-properties table (Tg column, deg C); grade CA-398-30 (highest MW in series), OH 3.5%, MWn ~50,000","conditions":"Manufacturer typical-properties table (Tg column, deg C); grade CA-398-30 (highest MW in series), OH 3.5%, MWn ~50,000","conditions_detail":"Manufacturer typical-properties table (Tg column, deg C); grade CA-398-30 (highest MW in series), OH 3.5%, MWn ~50,000 | test state: dry | DS: 2.5 | MW (g/mol): 50000","doi":"","source_url":"https://cms.chempoint.com/ChemPoint/media/ChemPointSiteMedia/General-CE-Brochure.pdf","year":"","confidence":"high","comments":"\"Table 1 Typical properties: CA-398-30 ... Tg deg C 189 (melting range 230-250 deg C)\"  — Highest-MW CA grade in series; Tg rises with MW (180->189 C across CA-398-3 to CA-398-30). Handbook/compilation.  [Eastman Chemical Company, confidence: high]"},{"id":559,"dataset":"cellulose","entity":"cellulose acetate","entity_group":"cellulose acetate","entity_class":"cellulose derivative","property":"glass transition temperature","property_key":"Tg","value":"249.85","unit":"C","value_reported":"Tg(K) = 523 - 20.3*DS","unit_reported":"K","method":"Model","method_detail":"DSC of fractionated/whole CA, DS 0.49-2.92, viscosity-average MW ~1e5; published Tg-vs-DS fit equation","conditions":"DSC of fractionated/whole CA, DS 0.49-2.92, viscosity-average MW ~1e5; published Tg-vs-DS fit equation","conditions_detail":"DSC of fractionated/whole CA, DS 0.49-2.92, viscosity-average MW ~1e5; published Tg-vs-DS fit equation | test state: dry | MW (g/mol): 100000","doi":"10.1295/polymj.17.919","source_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/pj198598","year":"1985","confidence":"medium","comments":"\"Tg of CA fractions increases monotonously with a decrease in F as follows Tg(K)=523-20.3F\"  — Published Tg-vs-DS relation (DSC), F = degree of substitution, valid over DS 0.49-2.92. e.g. DS 2.92 -> 463 K (190 C); DS 0.49 -> 513 K (240 C). Equation, not a single measured value.  [Kamide K, Saito M, 1985, confidence: medium]"},{"id":560,"dataset":"cellulose","entity":"cellulose triacetate","entity_group":"cellulose acetate","entity_class":"cellulose derivative","property":"glass transition temperature","property_key":"Tg","value":"189.85","unit":"C","value_reported":"463","unit_reported":"K","method":"Model","method_detail":"Computed from Kamide & Saito DSC fit Tg(K)=523-20.3*DS at DS=2.92 (near-fully-substituted = triacetate region)","conditions":"Computed from Kamide & Saito DSC fit Tg(K)=523-20.3*DS at DS=2.92 (near-fully-substituted = triacetate region)","conditions_detail":"Computed from Kamide & Saito DSC fit Tg(K)=523-20.3*DS at DS=2.92 (near-fully-substituted = triacetate region) | test state: dry | DS: 2.92 | MW (g/mol): 100000","doi":"10.1295/polymj.17.919","source_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/pj198598","year":"1985","confidence":"medium","comments":"\"Tg of CA fractions increases monotonously with a decrease in F as follows Tg(K)=523-20.3F\"  — DS 2.92 is the highest substitution measured (essentially cellulose triacetate); Tg = 523 - 20.3*2.92 = 463 K (~190 C). Derived from the authors' own DSC fit, not an independent single measurement.  [Kamide K, Saito M, 1985, confidence: medium]"}]}