{"count":839,"next":"http://glycodata.org/api/gdd/glyco-properties/?format=json&page=25","previous":"http://glycodata.org/api/gdd/glyco-properties/?format=json&page=23","results":[{"id":461,"dataset":"cellulose","entity":"regenerated cellulose fiber from EMImAc (Rahatekar et al.)","entity_group":"regenerated cellulose (other)","entity_class":"regenerated cellulose","property":"Young's modulus","property_key":"youngs_modulus","value":"13.1","unit":"GPa","value_reported":"13.1","unit_reported":"GPa","method":"Experiment","method_detail":"Tensile testing of dry-jet wet-spun fiber using EMImAc (120 um spinneret, draw ratio 1.5), Rahatekar et al.","conditions":"Tensile testing of dry-jet wet-spun fiber using EMImAc (120 um spinneret, draw ratio 1.5), Rahatekar et al.","conditions_detail":"Tensile testing of dry-jet wet-spun fiber using EMImAc (120 um spinneret, draw ratio 1.5), Rahatekar et al. | form: whole fiber | axis: axial (along fiber) | test state: dry","doi":"10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b00555","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b00555","year":"2016","confidence":"high","comments":"\"Rahatekar et al. dry-jet wet spun cellulose fibers using EMImAc from a smaller spinneret (120 μm) at a draw ratio of 1.5, with a finer diameter of 23.2 μm, yielding fibers with a Young's modulus of 13.1 GPa and strength of 198.0 MPa.\"  — Cited literature; IL-spun regenerated fiber.  [Zhu C, Richardson RM, Potter KD, 2016, confidence: high]"},{"id":462,"dataset":"cellulose","entity":"high-performance regenerated cellulose fiber (BMIMCl, optimized)","entity_group":"regenerated cellulose (other)","entity_class":"regenerated cellulose","property":"Young's modulus","property_key":"youngs_modulus","value":"42.9","unit":"GPa","value_reported":"42.9","unit_reported":"GPa","method":"Experiment","method_detail":"Tensile testing of dry-jet wet-spun fiber regenerated from 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride solution (optimized MW/concentration)","conditions":"Tensile testing of dry-jet wet-spun fiber regenerated from 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride solution (optimized MW/concentration)","conditions_detail":"Tensile testing of dry-jet wet-spun fiber regenerated from 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride solution (optimized MW/concentration) | form: whole fiber | axis: axial (along fiber) | test state: dry","doi":"10.1002/app.48681","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.48681","year":"2019","confidence":"high","comments":"\"Optimizing the molecular weight and concentration of the cellulose based on the appropriate viscosity allowed us to prepare high performance cellulose fibers with a tensile strength of 1.15 GPa and a Young's modulus of 42.9 GPa.\"  — J Appl Polym Sci 137(19). Highest regenerated-fiber modulus in this set.  [Zhang J, Yamagishi N, Gotoh Y, 2019, confidence: high]"},{"id":463,"dataset":"cellulose","entity":"regenerated alkali (cold-NaOH) cellulose fiber","entity_group":"regenerated cellulose (other)","entity_class":"regenerated cellulose","property":"Young's modulus","property_key":"youngs_modulus","value":"12.0","unit":"GPa","value_reported":"12","unit_reported":"GPa","method":"Review","method_detail":"Reported modulus of regenerated alkali cellulose fiber (comparison value)","conditions":"Reported modulus of regenerated alkali cellulose fiber (comparison value)","conditions_detail":"Reported modulus of regenerated alkali cellulose fiber (comparison value) | form: whole fiber | axis: axial (along fiber) | test state: dry","doi":"10.1038/s41598-024-69346-y","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-69346-y","year":"2024","confidence":"high","comments":"\"compared to regenerated alkali cellulose with a modulus of about 12 GPa and tensile strengths up to 110 MPa\"  — Comparison value for cold-alkali regenerated cellulose fiber.  [Jaekel EE, Reyes Torres G, Antonietti M, et al., 2024, confidence: high]"},{"id":464,"dataset":"cellulose","entity":"TEMPO-oxidized CNF wet-spun filament (dry)","entity_group":"cellulose nanofibril (CNF)","entity_class":"nanocellulose","property":"Young's modulus","property_key":"youngs_modulus","value":"18.0","unit":"GPa","value_reported":"18","unit_reported":"GPa","method":"Experiment","method_detail":"Tensile testing of TO-CNF coaxial reference filament, dry state","conditions":"Tensile testing of TO-CNF coaxial reference filament, dry state","conditions_detail":"Tensile testing of TO-CNF coaxial reference filament, dry state | form: filament | axis: axial (along fiber) | test state: dry","doi":"10.1038/s41598-024-69346-y","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-69346-y","year":"2024","confidence":"high","comments":"\"the reference spun only from TO-CNF filaments (18 GPa and 149 MPa respectively)\"  — Dry-state TO-CNF wet-spun filament.  [Jaekel EE, Reyes Torres G, Antonietti M, et al., 2024, confidence: high]"},{"id":465,"dataset":"cellulose","entity":"TEMPO-oxidized CNF wet-spun filament (wet)","entity_group":"cellulose nanofibril (CNF)","entity_class":"nanocellulose","property":"Young's modulus","property_key":"youngs_modulus","value":"1.0","unit":"GPa","value_reported":"1","unit_reported":"GPa","method":"Experiment","method_detail":"Tensile testing of TO-CNF reference filament in wet condition (94% drop from dry)","conditions":"Tensile testing of TO-CNF reference filament in wet condition (94% drop from dry)","conditions_detail":"Tensile testing of TO-CNF reference filament in wet condition (94% drop from dry) | form: filament | axis: axial (along fiber) | test state: wet","doi":"10.1038/s41598-024-69346-y","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-69346-y","year":"2024","confidence":"high","comments":"\"The reference TO-CNF filaments decreases from 19 to 1 GPa in modulus, equivalent to a 94% decrease\"  — Wet-state modulus; demonstrates dramatic water plasticization of charged CNF filaments.  [Jaekel EE, Reyes Torres G, Antonietti M, et al., 2024, confidence: high]"},{"id":466,"dataset":"cellulose","entity":"coaxial CNC-core/CNF cellulose filament (dry)","entity_group":"cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)","entity_class":"nanocellulose","property":"Young's modulus","property_key":"youngs_modulus","value":"41.0","unit":"GPa","value_reported":"41","unit_reported":"GPa","method":"Experiment","method_detail":"Tensile testing of coaxial filament with acid-CNC core, dry state","conditions":"Tensile testing of coaxial filament with acid-CNC core, dry state","conditions_detail":"Tensile testing of coaxial filament with acid-CNC core, dry state | form: filament | axis: axial (along fiber) | test state: dry","doi":"10.1038/s41598-024-69346-y","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-69346-y","year":"2024","confidence":"high","comments":"\"The filaments carrying the CNC_acid core exhibited significantly increased modulus (41 GPa) and tensile strength (357 MPa) compared to the reference spun only from TO-CNF filaments\"  — Dry coaxial CNC/CNF filament.  [Jaekel EE, Reyes Torres G, Antonietti M, et al., 2024, confidence: high]"},{"id":467,"dataset":"cellulose","entity":"nanocellulose hollow fiber (wet-spun CNF)","entity_group":"cellulose nanofibril (CNF)","entity_class":"nanocellulose","property":"Young's modulus","property_key":"youngs_modulus","value":"24.7","unit":"GPa","value_reported":"24.7","unit_reported":"GPa","method":"Experiment","method_detail":"Tensile testing of coaxial wet-spun CNF hollow fiber","conditions":"Tensile testing of coaxial wet-spun CNF hollow fiber","conditions_detail":"Tensile testing of coaxial wet-spun CNF hollow fiber | form: hollow fiber | axis: axial (along fiber) | test state: dry","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.3c02553","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.3c02553","year":"2023","confidence":"high","comments":"\"such hollow fibers have superior mechanical properties with a Young's modulus of 24.7 GPa and tensile strength of 341 MPa, surpassing lyocell fibers and most wet-spun CNF-based fibers\"  — ACS Nano 17(15):14686. CNF hollow fiber.  [Niu P, Mao H, Lim KH, et al., 2023, confidence: high]"},{"id":468,"dataset":"cellulose","entity":"CNF long fiber (wet-spun, hardwood, max)","entity_group":"cellulose nanofibril (CNF)","entity_class":"nanocellulose","property":"Young's modulus","property_key":"youngs_modulus","value":"23.9","unit":"GPa","value_reported":"23.9","unit_reported":"GPa","method":"Experiment","method_detail":"Tensile testing of wet-spun, stretched, dried CNF long fiber (max value)","conditions":"Tensile testing of wet-spun, stretched, dried CNF long fiber (max value)","conditions_detail":"Tensile testing of wet-spun, stretched, dried CNF long fiber (max value) | form: fiber | axis: axial (along fiber) | test state: dry","doi":"10.1038/s41598-017-17713-3","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-17713-3","year":"2017","confidence":"high","comments":"\"The fabricated long fiber exhibits the maximum tensile modulus of 23.9 GPa with the maximum tensile strength of 383.3 MPa.\"  — Max value; fibers ranged 13-23.9 GPa.  [Kafy A, Kim HC, Zhai L, et al., 2017, confidence: high]"},{"id":469,"dataset":"cellulose","entity":"CNF nanopaper (fine fibrils)","entity_group":"cellulose nanofibril (CNF)","entity_class":"nanocellulose","property":"Young's modulus","property_key":"youngs_modulus","value":"6.9","unit":"GPa","value_reported":"6.9","unit_reported":"GPa","method":"Experiment","method_detail":"Tensile testing of cellulose nanopaper from finer CNFs","conditions":"Tensile testing of cellulose nanopaper from finer CNFs","conditions_detail":"Tensile testing of cellulose nanopaper from finer CNFs | form: film/nanopaper | axis: in-plane | test state: dry","doi":"10.1007/s40820-022-00849-x","source_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9008119/","year":"2022","confidence":"high","comments":"\"higher tensile strength and Young's modulus (233 MPa and 6.9 GPa, respectively)\"  — Nano-Micro Lett 14. CNF nanopaper film modulus.  [Liu W, Liu K, Du H, Zheng T, Zhang N, Xu T, Pang B, Zhang X, Si C, Zhang K, 2022, confidence: high]"},{"id":470,"dataset":"cellulose","entity":"cellulose nanopaper (general)","entity_group":"cellulose nanofibril (CNF)","entity_class":"nanocellulose","property":"Young's modulus","property_key":"youngs_modulus","value":"10.55","unit":"GPa","value_reported":"7.1-14","unit_reported":"GPa","method":"Review","method_detail":"Reported general modulus range of cellulose nanopaper","conditions":"Reported general modulus range of cellulose nanopaper","conditions_detail":"Reported general modulus range of cellulose nanopaper | form: film/nanopaper | axis: in-plane | test state: dry","doi":"10.1007/s40820-022-00849-x","source_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9008119/","year":"2022","confidence":"high","comments":"\"good mechanical properties (high modulus of 7.1–14 GPa)\"  — Review general nanopaper modulus range.  [Liu W, Liu K, Du H, Zheng T, Zhang N, Xu T, Pang B, Zhang X, Si C, Zhang K, 2022, confidence: high]"},{"id":471,"dataset":"cellulose","entity":"pure CNF film (oven/filtration dried)","entity_group":"cellulose nanofibril (CNF)","entity_class":"nanocellulose","property":"Young's modulus","property_key":"youngs_modulus","value":"10.1","unit":"GPa","value_reported":"10.1","unit_reported":"GPa","method":"Experiment","method_detail":"Tensile testing per ISO 527-3, pure CNF film","conditions":"Tensile testing per ISO 527-3, pure CNF film","conditions_detail":"Tensile testing per ISO 527-3, pure CNF film | form: film | axis: in-plane | test state: dry | RH (%): 40 | T (°C): 25","doi":"10.3390/s22166280","source_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9414829/","year":"2022","confidence":"high","comments":"\"Young's modulus = 10.1 ± 0.8 GPa\"  — Sensors 22(16):6280, Table 1. Measured at 25 C, 40% RH.  [Lee SH, Kim J, 2022, confidence: high]"},{"id":472,"dataset":"cellulose","entity":"CNF/PVA composite film (50:50)","entity_group":"cellulose nanofibril (CNF)","entity_class":"nanocellulose","property":"Young's modulus","property_key":"youngs_modulus","value":"11.2","unit":"GPa","value_reported":"11.2","unit_reported":"GPa","method":"Experiment","method_detail":"Tensile testing of CNF/polyvinyl alcohol composite film (50:50)","conditions":"Tensile testing of CNF/polyvinyl alcohol composite film (50:50)","conditions_detail":"Tensile testing of CNF/polyvinyl alcohol composite film (50:50) | form: film | axis: in-plane | test state: dry | RH (%): 40 | T (°C): 25","doi":"10.3390/s22166280","source_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9414829/","year":"2022","confidence":"high","comments":"\"Pure CNF/PVA: Young's modulus = 11.2 ± 0.8 GPa\"  — CNF/PVA composite film modulus.  [Lee SH, Kim J, 2022, confidence: high]"},{"id":473,"dataset":"cellulose","entity":"CNF/PVA film (50% mechanically stretched)","entity_group":"cellulose nanofibril (CNF)","entity_class":"nanocellulose","property":"Young's modulus","property_key":"youngs_modulus","value":"14.9","unit":"GPa","value_reported":"14.9","unit_reported":"GPa","method":"Experiment","method_detail":"Tensile testing of CNF/PVA film after 50% mechanical stretching (oriented)","conditions":"Tensile testing of CNF/PVA film after 50% mechanical stretching (oriented)","conditions_detail":"Tensile testing of CNF/PVA film after 50% mechanical stretching (oriented) | form: film | axis: in-plane (stretch direction) | test state: dry | RH (%): 40 | T (°C): 25","doi":"10.3390/s22166280","source_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9414829/","year":"2022","confidence":"high","comments":"\"maximum Young's modulus...of the 50% stretched CNF/PVA film are 14.9 GPa\"  — Oriented CNF/PVA film; stretching raises modulus.  [Lee SH, Kim J, 2022, confidence: high]"},{"id":474,"dataset":"cellulose","entity":"cellulose nanopaper (PFI-refined bleached eucalyptus kraft)","entity_group":"cellulose nanofibril (CNF)","entity_class":"pulp / microcrystalline cellulose","property":"Young's modulus","property_key":"youngs_modulus","value":"8.134","unit":"GPa","value_reported":"8134","unit_reported":"MPa","method":"Experiment","method_detail":"Instron tensile test (TAPPI T402, 23 C, 50% RH); nanopaper from PFI-mill refined BEK pulp","conditions":"Instron tensile test (TAPPI T402, 23 C, 50% RH); nanopaper from PFI-mill refined BEK pulp","conditions_detail":"Instron tensile test (TAPPI T402, 23 C, 50% RH); nanopaper from PFI-mill refined BEK pulp | form: film/nanopaper | axis: in-plane | test state: dry | RH (%): 50 | T (°C): 23","doi":"10.1007/s10570-022-04563-0","source_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9012250/","year":"2022","confidence":"high","comments":"\"It takes approximately 17,417 kWh/t of specific refining energy to reach a Young's modulus of 8134 MPa\"  — Cellulose 29. Reported in MPa as written (=8 GPa). Refined wood-pulp nanopaper.  [Kargupta W, Seifert R, Martinez M, Olson J, Tanner J, Batchelor W, 2022, confidence: high]"},{"id":475,"dataset":"cellulose","entity":"cellulose nanopaper (disc-refined NBSK pulp)","entity_group":"cellulose nanofibril (CNF)","entity_class":"pulp / microcrystalline cellulose","property":"Young's modulus","property_key":"youngs_modulus","value":"6.344","unit":"GPa","value_reported":"6344","unit_reported":"MPa","method":"Experiment","method_detail":"Instron tensile test (TAPPI T402, 23 C, 50% RH); nanopaper from disc-refined NBSK pulp","conditions":"Instron tensile test (TAPPI T402, 23 C, 50% RH); nanopaper from disc-refined NBSK pulp","conditions_detail":"Instron tensile test (TAPPI T402, 23 C, 50% RH); nanopaper from disc-refined NBSK pulp | form: film/nanopaper | axis: in-plane | test state: dry | RH (%): 50 | T (°C): 23","doi":"10.1007/s10570-022-04563-0","source_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9012250/","year":"2022","confidence":"high","comments":"\"it only requires 3346.3 kWh/t of specific energy to reach 6344 MPa\"  — Reported in MPa as written. NBSK wood-pulp nanopaper.  [Kargupta W, Seifert R, Martinez M, Olson J, Tanner J, Batchelor W, 2022, confidence: high]"},{"id":476,"dataset":"cellulose","entity":"compressed bacterial cellulose nanopaper film (dry, RH 50%)","entity_group":"bacterial cellulose","entity_class":"native cellulose","property":"Young's modulus","property_key":"youngs_modulus","value":"18.6","unit":"GPa","value_reported":"18.6","unit_reported":"GPa","method":"Experiment","method_detail":"Tensile testing of compressed bacterial cellulose nanopaper (100 C, 120 h), max modulus at RH 50%","conditions":"Tensile testing of compressed bacterial cellulose nanopaper (100 C, 120 h), max modulus at RH 50%","conditions_detail":"Tensile testing of compressed bacterial cellulose nanopaper (100 C, 120 h), max modulus at RH 50% | form: film/nanopaper | axis: in-plane | test state: dry | RH (%): 50","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.01.029","source_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785421000570","year":"2021","confidence":"medium","comments":"\"the maximum tensile modulus of 18.6 GPa was measured on compressed bacterial cellulose nanopaper film treated at 100 °C for 120 h ... measured at RH 50%, but tensile modulus dropped by 75.8% when the film was stored at RH 75%.\"  — J Mater Res Technol. Dry/humid contrast: 18.6 GPa at RH50; drops 75.8% at RH75. DOI inferred from journal (S2238785421000570); confidence medium pending DOI confirmation.  [et al., 2021, confidence: medium]"},{"id":477,"dataset":"cellulose","entity":"cellulose acetate film","entity_group":"cellulose acetate","entity_class":"cellulose derivative","property":"Young's modulus","property_key":"youngs_modulus","value":"2.85","unit":"GPa","value_reported":"1.9-3.8","unit_reported":"GPa","method":"Review","method_detail":"Tensile testing per ISO 527-2 at 23 C; generic commercial cellulose acetate film","conditions":"Tensile testing per ISO 527-2 at 23 C; generic commercial cellulose acetate film","conditions_detail":"Tensile testing per ISO 527-2 at 23 C; generic commercial cellulose acetate film | form: film | axis: in-plane | test state: dry | T (°C): 23","doi":"","source_url":"https://bioresources.cnr.ncsu.edu/resources/strength-and-barrier-enhancements-of-cellophane-and-cellulose-derivative-films-a-review/","year":"2013","confidence":"high","comments":"\"The elastic modulus is 1.9 GPa to 3.8 GPa (23 °C, ISO 527-2).\"  — BioResources 8(2):3098-3121. Cellulose acetate film modulus.  [Paunonen S, 2013, confidence: high]"},{"id":478,"dataset":"cellulose","entity":"cellulose acetate butyrate / bacterial cellulose composite (10 vol%)","entity_group":"bacterial cellulose","entity_class":"cellulose derivative","property":"Young's modulus","property_key":"youngs_modulus","value":"3.2","unit":"GPa","value_reported":"3.2","unit_reported":"GPa","method":"Experiment","method_detail":"Tensile testing of cellulose acetate butyrate reinforced with 10 vol% bacterial cellulose","conditions":"Tensile testing of cellulose acetate butyrate reinforced with 10 vol% bacterial cellulose","conditions_detail":"Tensile testing of cellulose acetate butyrate reinforced with 10 vol% bacterial cellulose | form: film/composite | axis: in-plane | test state: dry","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2004.04.001","source_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0266353804001174","year":"2004","confidence":"medium","comments":"\"Cellulose acetate butyrate composites reinforced with bacterial cellulose containing 10% and 32% volume cellulose showed a Young's modulus of 3.2 and 5.8 GPa, and a strength of 52.6 and 128.9 MPa, respectively.\"  — Compos Sci Technol. DOI inferred; value from search summary. CAB derivative + bacterial cellulose.  [Gindl W, Keckes J, 2004, confidence: medium]"},{"id":479,"dataset":"cellulose","entity":"lyocell/cellulose acetate butyrate composite (neat CAB matrix)","entity_group":"lyocell/Tencel","entity_class":"cellulose derivative","property":"Young's modulus","property_key":"youngs_modulus","value":"2.0","unit":"GPa","value_reported":"2","unit_reported":"GPa","method":"Experiment","method_detail":"Tensile testing of neat cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) matrix (0% fiber)","conditions":"Tensile testing of neat cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) matrix (0% fiber)","conditions_detail":"Tensile testing of neat cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) matrix (0% fiber) | form: film/matrix | axis: in-plane | test state: dry","doi":"10.1177/0021998310386261","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998310386261","year":"2010","confidence":"high","comments":"\"The modulus increased from 2 GPa for neat CAB to 4 or 5 GPa for a composite with lyocell or flax fiber volume content of 34.8% (v/v), respectively.\"  — J Compos Mater 45(17). Neat cellulose acetate butyrate derivative matrix modulus.  [Carrillo F, Martin GR, Lopez-Mesas M, 2010, confidence: high]"},{"id":480,"dataset":"cellulose","entity":"lyocell/cellulose acetate butyrate composite (34.8 vol% lyocell)","entity_group":"lyocell/Tencel","entity_class":"cellulose derivative","property":"Young's modulus","property_key":"youngs_modulus","value":"4.0","unit":"GPa","value_reported":"4","unit_reported":"GPa","method":"Experiment","method_detail":"Tensile testing of CAB reinforced with 34.8 vol% lyocell fiber","conditions":"Tensile testing of CAB reinforced with 34.8 vol% lyocell fiber","conditions_detail":"Tensile testing of CAB reinforced with 34.8 vol% lyocell fiber | form: film/composite | axis: in-plane | test state: dry","doi":"10.1177/0021998310386261","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998310386261","year":"2010","confidence":"high","comments":"\"the Young's modulus of lyocell/CAB composites increased from 2 GPa for neat CAB to 4 GPa for a composite with a lyocell fiber content of 34.8% (v/v).\"  — Lyocell-reinforced CAB derivative composite.  [Carrillo F, Martin GR, Lopez-Mesas M, 2010, confidence: high]"}]}