Glyco Property List
Pooled literature properties (glycanDB). Optional filters: ?dataset=uv_vis&property_key=...
GET /api/gdd/glyco-properties/?format=api&page=39
{ "count": 839, "next": "http://glycodata.org/api/gdd/glyco-properties/?format=api&page=40", "previous": "http://glycodata.org/api/gdd/glyco-properties/?format=api&page=38", "results": [ { "id": 761, "dataset": "heparin", "entity": "heparin (unfractionated)", "entity_group": "", "entity_class": "heparin (UFH)", "property": "degree of sulfation", "property_key": "sulfation_degree", "value": "2.7", "unit": "per disaccharide", "value_reported": "2.7", "unit_reported": "per disaccharide", "method": "Review", "method_detail": "average number of sulfate groups per disaccharide, compiled from disaccharide-analysis literature", "conditions": "average number of sulfate groups per disaccharide, compiled from disaccharide-analysis literature", "conditions_detail": "average number of sulfate groups per disaccharide, compiled from disaccharide-analysis literature | source: unfractionated heparin", "doi": "10.1007/978-3-642-23056-1_8", "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3755452/", "year": "2012", "confidence": "high", "comments": "\"The average heparin disaccharide contains ~2.7 sulfate groups\" — Canonical heparin sulfation value. Same value reported by multiple reviews. [Shriver Z, Capila I, Venkataraman G, Sasisekharan R, 2012, confidence: high]" }, { "id": 762, "dataset": "heparin", "entity": "heparan sulfate", "entity_group": "", "entity_class": "heparan sulfate", "property": "degree of sulfation", "property_key": "sulfation_degree", "value": "1", "unit": "per disaccharide", "value_reported": "1.0", "unit_reported": "per disaccharide", "method": "Review", "method_detail": "average number of sulfate groups per disaccharide (reported as >=1)", "conditions": "average number of sulfate groups per disaccharide (reported as >=1)", "conditions_detail": "average number of sulfate groups per disaccharide (reported as >=1) | source: heparan sulfate (general)", "doi": "10.1007/978-3-642-23056-1_8", "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3755452/", "year": "2012", "confidence": "high", "comments": "\"heparan sulfate contains >=1 sulfate group per disaccharide\" — Reported as a lower bound (>=1); contrast with heparin ~2.7. [Shriver Z, Capila I, Venkataraman G, Sasisekharan R, 2012, confidence: high]" }, { "id": 763, "dataset": "heparin", "entity": "heparin (purified, porcine)", "entity_group": "", "entity_class": "heparin (UFH)", "property": "degree of sulfation", "property_key": "sulfation_degree", "value": "2.5", "unit": "per disaccharide", "value_reported": "2.5", "unit_reported": "per disaccharide", "method": "Experiment", "method_detail": "sulfate-to-carboxylate ratio (2.4-2.6) as a measure of degree of sulfation per average disaccharide; midpoint 2.5 recorded", "conditions": "sulfate-to-carboxylate ratio (2.4-2.6) as a measure of degree of sulfation per average disaccharide; midpoint 2.5 recorded", "conditions_detail": "sulfate-to-carboxylate ratio (2.4-2.6) as a measure of degree of sulfation per average disaccharide; midpoint 2.5 recorded | source: purified pharmaceutical-grade heparin | measure: sulfate-to-carboxylate ratio 2.4-2.6", "doi": "10.1007/978-3-642-23056-1_8", "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3755452/", "year": "2012", "confidence": "high", "comments": "\"sulfate-to-carboxylate ratio, a measure of the degree of sulfation per average disaccharide, of 2.4-2.6\" — Reported range 2.4-2.6 (sulfate:carboxylate). Recorded as 2.5 midpoint; range in conditions. [Shriver Z, Capila I, Venkataraman G, Sasisekharan R, 2012, confidence: high]" }, { "id": 764, "dataset": "heparin", "entity": "heparan sulfate (porcine)", "entity_group": "", "entity_class": "heparan sulfate", "property": "degree of sulfation", "property_key": "sulfation_degree", "value": "0.3", "unit": "per disaccharide", "value_reported": "0.3", "unit_reported": "per disaccharide", "method": "Experiment", "method_detail": "sulfate-to-carboxylate ratio (~0.3) as a measure of degree of sulfation per average disaccharide", "conditions": "sulfate-to-carboxylate ratio (~0.3) as a measure of degree of sulfation per average disaccharide", "conditions_detail": "sulfate-to-carboxylate ratio (~0.3) as a measure of degree of sulfation per average disaccharide | source: porcine heparan sulfate | measure: sulfate-to-carboxylate ratio", "doi": "10.1007/978-3-642-23056-1_8", "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3755452/", "year": "2012", "confidence": "medium", "comments": "\"characterized by a sulfate-to-carboxylate ratio of ~0.3\" — Sulfate:carboxylate ratio; carboxylate is ~1/disaccharide so ~0.3 sulfates/disaccharide. Demonstrates low-sulfation HS. [Shriver Z, Capila I, Venkataraman G, Sasisekharan R, 2012, confidence: medium]" }, { "id": 765, "dataset": "heparin", "entity": "heparin", "entity_group": "", "entity_class": "heparin (UFH)", "property": "degree of sulfation", "property_key": "sulfation_degree", "value": "2.7", "unit": "per disaccharide", "value_reported": "2.7", "unit_reported": "per disaccharide", "method": "Review", "method_detail": "average number of sulfate groups per disaccharide monomer; linked to total net charge ~-75 per chain", "conditions": "average number of sulfate groups per disaccharide monomer; linked to total net charge ~-75 per chain", "conditions_detail": "average number of sulfate groups per disaccharide monomer; linked to total net charge ~-75 per chain | source: heparin (avg MW 15 kDa)", "doi": "10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01147", "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5111123/", "year": "2016", "confidence": "high", "comments": "\"On average, there are 2.7 sulfate groups per disaccharide monomer, which when combined gives heparin a total negative net charge of approximately -75.\" — Independent corroboration of the 2.7 sulfates/disaccharide value. [Paluck SJ, Nguyen TH, Maynard HD, 2016, confidence: high]" }, { "id": 766, "dataset": "heparin", "entity": "heparin", "entity_group": "", "entity_class": "heparin (UFH)", "property": "charge density", "property_key": "charge_density", "value": "-75.0", "unit": "net charge per chain", "value_reported": "-75", "unit_reported": "net charge per chain", "method": "Review", "method_detail": "total negative net charge per average heparin chain (15 kDa) arising from 2.7 sulfates per disaccharide plus carboxylates", "conditions": "total negative net charge per average heparin chain (15 kDa) arising from 2.7 sulfates per disaccharide plus carboxylates", "conditions_detail": "total negative net charge per average heparin chain (15 kDa) arising from 2.7 sulfates per disaccharide plus carboxylates | source: heparin (avg MW 15 kDa) | note: per whole chain, not per disaccharide", "doi": "10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01147", "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5111123/", "year": "2016", "confidence": "high", "comments": "\"On average, there are 2.7 sulfate groups per disaccharide monomer, which when combined gives heparin a total negative net charge of approximately -75.\" — Whole-chain net charge (not per-disaccharide); unit reflects that. Reported alongside the 2.7 sulfates/disaccharide value. [Paluck SJ, Nguyen TH, Maynard HD, 2016, confidence: high]" }, { "id": 767, "dataset": "heparin", "entity": "heparin", "entity_group": "", "entity_class": "heparin (UFH)", "property": "degree of sulfation", "property_key": "sulfation_degree", "value": "3", "unit": "per disaccharide", "value_reported": "3.0", "unit_reported": "per disaccharide", "method": "Review", "method_detail": "level of sulfation = average number of sulfates in the major disaccharide unit (Table 1)", "conditions": "level of sulfation = average number of sulfates in the major disaccharide unit (Table 1)", "conditions_detail": "level of sulfation = average number of sulfates in the major disaccharide unit (Table 1) | source: heparin (major form)", "doi": "10.2174/157341112803216753", "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3525092/", "year": "2012", "confidence": "medium", "comments": "\"The level of sulfation is the average number of sulfates in the disaccharide unit the major form of e... (Table 1: heparin = 3)\" — Table 1 tabulates the major-form sulfate count (heparin=3, undersulfated heparin=2, HS=1, N-sulfo heparosan=1). Reflects the dominant disaccharide rather than the population average ~2.7. [Wang Z, Zhang F, Dordick JS, Linhardt RJ, 2012, confidence: medium]" }, { "id": 768, "dataset": "heparin", "entity": "heparan sulfate", "entity_group": "", "entity_class": "heparan sulfate", "property": "degree of sulfation", "property_key": "sulfation_degree", "value": "1", "unit": "per disaccharide", "value_reported": "1.0", "unit_reported": "per disaccharide", "method": "Review", "method_detail": "level of sulfation = average number of sulfates in the major disaccharide unit (Table 1)", "conditions": "level of sulfation = average number of sulfates in the major disaccharide unit (Table 1)", "conditions_detail": "level of sulfation = average number of sulfates in the major disaccharide unit (Table 1) | source: heparan sulfate (major form)", "doi": "10.2174/157341112803216753", "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3525092/", "year": "2012", "confidence": "medium", "comments": "\"The level of sulfation is the average number of sulfates in the disaccharide unit the major form of e... (Table 1: heparan sulfate = 1)\" — Major-form sulfate count from Table 1. [Wang Z, Zhang F, Dordick JS, Linhardt RJ, 2012, confidence: medium]" }, { "id": 769, "dataset": "heparin", "entity": "undersulfated heparin", "entity_group": "", "entity_class": "heparinoid (other)", "property": "degree of sulfation", "property_key": "sulfation_degree", "value": "2", "unit": "per disaccharide", "value_reported": "2.0", "unit_reported": "per disaccharide", "method": "Review", "method_detail": "level of sulfation = average number of sulfates in the major disaccharide unit (Table 1)", "conditions": "level of sulfation = average number of sulfates in the major disaccharide unit (Table 1)", "conditions_detail": "level of sulfation = average number of sulfates in the major disaccharide unit (Table 1) | source: undersulfated heparin (bioengineered intermediate)", "doi": "10.2174/157341112803216753", "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3525092/", "year": "2012", "confidence": "medium", "comments": "\"The level of sulfation is the average number of sulfates in the disaccharide unit the major form of e... (Table 1: undersulfated heparin = 2)\" — Bioengineered-heparin process intermediate. [Wang Z, Zhang F, Dordick JS, Linhardt RJ, 2012, confidence: medium]" }, { "id": 770, "dataset": "heparin", "entity": "N-sulfo heparosan", "entity_group": "", "entity_class": "heparinoid (other)", "property": "degree of sulfation", "property_key": "sulfation_degree", "value": "1", "unit": "per disaccharide", "value_reported": "1.0", "unit_reported": "per disaccharide", "method": "Review", "method_detail": "level of sulfation = average number of sulfates in the major disaccharide unit (Table 1)", "conditions": "level of sulfation = average number of sulfates in the major disaccharide unit (Table 1)", "conditions_detail": "level of sulfation = average number of sulfates in the major disaccharide unit (Table 1) | source: N-sulfo heparosan (bioengineered intermediate)", "doi": "10.2174/157341112803216753", "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3525092/", "year": "2012", "confidence": "medium", "comments": "\"The level of sulfation is the average number of sulfates in the disaccharide unit the major form of e... (Table 1: N-sulfo heparosan = 1)\" — Bioengineered-heparin process intermediate (N-sulfo only). [Wang Z, Zhang F, Dordick JS, Linhardt RJ, 2012, confidence: medium]" }, { "id": 771, "dataset": "heparin", "entity": "heparin oligosaccharide (heparin-derived octasaccharide)", "entity_group": "", "entity_class": "heparin oligosaccharide", "property": "degree of sulfation", "property_key": "sulfation_degree", "value": "2.6", "unit": "per disaccharide", "value_reported": "2.6", "unit_reported": "per disaccharide", "method": "Experiment", "method_detail": "average sulfates per disaccharide of a heparin-derived octasaccharide, from tandem mass spectrometry fine-structure characterization", "conditions": "average sulfates per disaccharide of a heparin-derived octasaccharide, from tandem mass spectrometry fine-structure characterization", "conditions_detail": "average sulfates per disaccharide of a heparin-derived octasaccharide, from tandem mass spectrometry fine-structure characterization | source: heparin-derived octasaccharide (dp8)", "doi": "10.1021/jm2007341", "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3251171/", "year": "2011", "confidence": "high", "comments": "\"An octasaccharide from heparin has an average of 2.6 sulfates per disaccharide which is consistent with the literature values\" — Heparin oligosaccharide; consistent with the ~2.7 polymer value. [Xiao Z, Tappen BR, Ly M, Zhao W, Canova LP, Guan H, Linhardt RJ, 2011, confidence: high]" }, { "id": 772, "dataset": "heparin", "entity": "heparan sulfate NS-domain octasaccharide (dp8)", "entity_group": "", "entity_class": "heparin oligosaccharide", "property": "degree of sulfation", "property_key": "sulfation_degree", "value": "1.4", "unit": "per disaccharide", "value_reported": "1.4", "unit_reported": "per disaccharide", "method": "Experiment", "method_detail": "average sulfation of a heparan sulfate NS-domain octasaccharide (dp8) by tandem mass spectrometry", "conditions": "average sulfation of a heparan sulfate NS-domain octasaccharide (dp8) by tandem mass spectrometry", "conditions_detail": "average sulfation of a heparan sulfate NS-domain octasaccharide (dp8) by tandem mass spectrometry | source: heparan sulfate NS domain, dp8", "doi": "10.1021/jm2007341", "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3251171/", "year": "2011", "confidence": "high", "comments": "\"in heparan sulfate, an NS domain of dp 8 has an average sulfation of 1.4 per disaccharide\" — Highly sulfated NS domain of HS; higher than the HS chain average. [Xiao Z, Tappen BR, Ly M, Zhao W, Canova LP, Guan H, Linhardt RJ, 2011, confidence: high]" }, { "id": 773, "dataset": "heparin", "entity": "heparan sulfate (liver) / heparin", "entity_group": "", "entity_class": "heparan sulfate", "property": "degree of sulfation", "property_key": "sulfation_degree", "value": "2", "unit": "per disaccharide", "value_reported": "2.0", "unit_reported": "per disaccharide", "method": "Review", "method_detail": "degree of sulfation ~2 per disaccharide for liver HS and heparin; cell-type HS spans 0-2", "conditions": "degree of sulfation ~2 per disaccharide for liver HS and heparin; cell-type HS spans 0-2", "conditions_detail": "degree of sulfation ~2 per disaccharide for liver HS and heparin; cell-type HS spans 0-2 | source: liver heparan sulphate and heparin; endothelial HS ~0; other cell types 0-2", "doi": "10.1172/JCI13713", "source_url": "https://www.jci.org/articles/view/13713", "year": "2001", "confidence": "high", "comments": "\"The degree of sulfation of liver heparan sulphate and heparin is ~2 per disaccharide unit, of endothelial cell heparan sulphate nearly 0, and of heparan sulphates from other cell types between 0 and 2 per disaccharide unit.\" — Illustrates the broad HS range (0-2) across tissues vs heparin ~2. [Lindahl U, Li JP, Kusche-Gullberg M, 2001, confidence: high]" }, { "id": 774, "dataset": "heparin", "entity": "heparan sulfate (endothelial cell)", "entity_group": "", "entity_class": "heparan sulfate", "property": "degree of sulfation", "property_key": "sulfation_degree", "value": "0", "unit": "per disaccharide", "value_reported": "0.0", "unit_reported": "per disaccharide", "method": "Review", "method_detail": "degree of sulfation nearly 0 per disaccharide for endothelial-cell heparan sulfate", "conditions": "degree of sulfation nearly 0 per disaccharide for endothelial-cell heparan sulfate", "conditions_detail": "degree of sulfation nearly 0 per disaccharide for endothelial-cell heparan sulfate | source: endothelial cell heparan sulphate", "doi": "10.1172/JCI13713", "source_url": "https://www.jci.org/articles/view/13713", "year": "2001", "confidence": "high", "comments": "\"of endothelial cell heparan sulphate nearly 0\" — Low-sulfation extreme of HS range. [Lindahl U, Li JP, Kusche-Gullberg M, 2001, confidence: high]" }, { "id": 775, "dataset": "heparin", "entity": "heparan sulfate (HS fraction I, 40 kDa)", "entity_group": "", "entity_class": "heparan sulfate", "property": "degree of sulfation", "property_key": "sulfation_degree", "value": "0.75", "unit": "per disaccharide", "value_reported": "0.75", "unit_reported": "per disaccharide", "method": "Experiment", "method_detail": "total polymer sulfation = 75 N- plus O-sulphate groups per 100 disaccharides (= 0.75 per disaccharide); 40 N-sulphate + 35 O-sulphate per 100 disaccharides", "conditions": "total polymer sulfation = 75 N- plus O-sulphate groups per 100 disaccharides (= 0.75 per disaccharide); 40 N-sulphate + 35 O-sulphate per 100 disaccharides", "conditions_detail": "total polymer sulfation = 75 N- plus O-sulphate groups per 100 disaccharides (= 0.75 per disaccharide); 40 N-sulphate + 35 O-sulphate per 100 disaccharides | source: heparan sulfate fraction I (~40 kDa) | raw: 75 sulphate groups per 100 disaccharides", "doi": "10.1172/JCI13530", "source_url": "https://www.jci.org/articles/view/13530", "year": "1998", "confidence": "high", "comments": "\"40 N-sulphate groups per 100 disaccharides 35 O-sulphate groups per 100 disaccharides *Polymer sulphation (N- and O-sulphate groups) is 75 per 100 disaccharides.\" — Converted 75 per 100 disaccharides to 0.75 per disaccharide. Less-modified HS fraction. [Lindahl U, Kusche-Gullberg M, Kjellen L, 1998, confidence: high]" }, { "id": 776, "dataset": "heparin", "entity": "heparan sulfate (HS fraction III, 9 kDa)", "entity_group": "", "entity_class": "heparan sulfate", "property": "degree of sulfation", "property_key": "sulfation_degree", "value": "1.75", "unit": "per disaccharide", "value_reported": "1.75", "unit_reported": "per disaccharide", "method": "Experiment", "method_detail": "total polymer sulfation = 175 N- plus O-sulphate groups per 100 disaccharides (= 1.75 per disaccharide); 65 N-sulphate + 110 O-sulphate per 100 disaccharides", "conditions": "total polymer sulfation = 175 N- plus O-sulphate groups per 100 disaccharides (= 1.75 per disaccharide); 65 N-sulphate + 110 O-sulphate per 100 disaccharides", "conditions_detail": "total polymer sulfation = 175 N- plus O-sulphate groups per 100 disaccharides (= 1.75 per disaccharide); 65 N-sulphate + 110 O-sulphate per 100 disaccharides | source: heparan sulfate fraction III (~9 kDa), highly sulfated | raw: 175 sulphate groups per 100 disaccharides", "doi": "10.1172/JCI13530", "source_url": "https://www.jci.org/articles/view/13530", "year": "1998", "confidence": "high", "comments": "\"65 N-sulphate groups per 100 disaccharides 110 O-sulphate groups per 100 disaccharides *Polymer sulphation (N- and O-sulphate groups) is 175 per 100 disaccharide\" — Converted 175 per 100 disaccharides to 1.75 per disaccharide. Highly sulfated HS fraction, approaching heparin. [Lindahl U, Kusche-Gullberg M, Kjellen L, 1998, confidence: high]" }, { "id": 777, "dataset": "heparin", "entity": "enoxaparin sodium", "entity_group": "", "entity_class": "LMWH", "property": "degree of sulfation", "property_key": "sulfation_degree", "value": "1.8", "unit": "per disaccharide", "value_reported": "1.8", "unit_reported": "per disaccharide", "method": "Experiment", "method_detail": "degree of sulfation not less than 1.8 per disaccharide unit (USP pharmacopoeial specification); ~75% of structures carry three sulfo groups per disaccharide", "conditions": "degree of sulfation not less than 1.8 per disaccharide unit (USP pharmacopoeial specification); ~75% of structures carry three sulfo groups per disaccharide", "conditions_detail": "degree of sulfation not less than 1.8 per disaccharide unit (USP pharmacopoeial specification); ~75% of structures carry three sulfo groups per disaccharide | source: enoxaparin sodium (LMWH) | spec: not less than 1.8 per disaccharide", "doi": "", "source_url": "https://www.uspnf.com/sites/default/files/usp_pdf/EN/USPNF/enoxaparinSodiumPostponed.pdf", "year": "2008", "confidence": "medium", "comments": "\"Enoxaparin has a degree of sulfation of not less than 1.8 per disaccharide unit ... the majority (~75%) of structures contain three sulfo groups per disaccharide unit\" — USP monograph minimum spec (>=1.8). Quote relayed via web search; the PDF itself was not text-extractable on direct fetch. [United States Pharmacopeia, 2008, confidence: medium]" }, { "id": 778, "dataset": "heparin", "entity": "tinzaparin sodium", "entity_group": "", "entity_class": "LMWH", "property": "degree of sulfation", "property_key": "sulfation_degree", "value": "2.15", "unit": "per disaccharide", "value_reported": "2.15", "unit_reported": "per disaccharide", "method": "Review", "method_detail": "at least 1.8 and up to 2.5 sulfate groups per disaccharide unit (range; midpoint 2.15 recorded)", "conditions": "at least 1.8 and up to 2.5 sulfate groups per disaccharide unit (range; midpoint 2.15 recorded)", "conditions_detail": "at least 1.8 and up to 2.5 sulfate groups per disaccharide unit (range; midpoint 2.15 recorded) | source: tinzaparin sodium (LMWH, enzymatic depolymerization) | range: 1.8-2.5 per disaccharide", "doi": "10.1007/s00228-022-03365-4", "source_url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00228-022-03365-4", "year": "2022", "confidence": "high", "comments": "\"Tinzaparin (CAS No: 9041-08-1; ATC code: B01AB10) has at least 1.8 and up to 2.5 sulfate groups per disaccharide unit\" — Range 1.8-2.5; recorded midpoint 2.15 with range in conditions. Higher sulfation than enoxaparin. [Rohrig N, et al., 2022, confidence: high]" }, { "id": 779, "dataset": "heparin", "entity": "chondroitin sulfate (native)", "entity_group": "", "entity_class": "heparinoid (other)", "property": "degree of sulfation", "property_key": "sulfation_degree", "value": "1", "unit": "per disaccharide", "value_reported": "1.0", "unit_reported": "per disaccharide", "method": "Experiment", "method_detail": "native chondroitin-4-sulfate / chondroitin-6-sulfate, predominantly monosulfated (position 4 or 6); baseline ~1 sulfate per disaccharide", "conditions": "native chondroitin-4-sulfate / chondroitin-6-sulfate, predominantly monosulfated (position 4 or 6); baseline ~1 sulfate per disaccharide", "conditions_detail": "native chondroitin-4-sulfate / chondroitin-6-sulfate, predominantly monosulfated (position 4 or 6); baseline ~1 sulfate per disaccharide | source: native chondroitin sulfate (C4S/C6S)", "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0193482", "source_url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0193482", "year": "2018", "confidence": "medium", "comments": "\"native chondroitin-4-sulfate and chondroitin-6-sulfate which are predominantly sulfated only at position 4 or position 6\" — Baseline mono-sulfated chondroitin (~1 per disaccharide) before chemical oversulfation series. [Hogwood J, Naggi A, Torri G, Page C, Rigsby P, Mulloy B, Gray E, 2018, confidence: medium]" }, { "id": 780, "dataset": "heparin", "entity": "chondroitin sulfate (di-sulfated, CS2.4)", "entity_group": "", "entity_class": "heparinoid (other)", "property": "degree of sulfation", "property_key": "sulfation_degree", "value": "2.4", "unit": "per disaccharide", "value_reported": "2.4", "unit_reported": "per disaccharide", "method": "Experiment", "method_detail": "chemically oversulfated chondroitin; degree of sulfation determined by NMR and sulfate-to-carboxylate ratio", "conditions": "chemically oversulfated chondroitin; degree of sulfation determined by NMR and sulfate-to-carboxylate ratio", "conditions_detail": "chemically oversulfated chondroitin; degree of sulfation determined by NMR and sulfate-to-carboxylate ratio | source: chemically di-sulfated chondroitin sulfate", "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0193482", "source_url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0193482", "year": "2018", "confidence": "high", "comments": "\"The degree of sulfation ranged from 2.4 to 4.0.\" — Lower end of the engineered oversulfation series. [Hogwood J, Naggi A, Torri G, Page C, Rigsby P, Mulloy B, Gray E, 2018, confidence: high]" } ] }